Rosacea in children: a review.

Rosacea is a facial inflammatory disorder that shows an increasing incidence with age. While rosacea is common > 60 years of age, pediatric rosacea is uncommon. Diagnostic criteria are based on clinical symptoms. Laboratory investigations and histopathology are only needed to exclude other differential diagnoses. There are several subtypes such as erythemato-telangiectatic, papulo-pustular, periorificial, and granulomatous variants. In contrast to adult rosacea, phymatous subtypes do not belong to pediatric rosacea. A special subtype seen in infants and children is an idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Treatment options are in analogy to adult rosacea classified into topical and systemic drugs. In the case of oral tetracyclines, discoloration of teeth and impairment of enamel are possible adverse events. CONCLUSION: Pediatric rosacea belongs to the rosacea spectrum but has peculiarities compared to the adult subtype. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder different from acne. • Rosacea gets more common with advanced age. WHAT IS NEW: • Pediatric rosacea is an uncommon subtype with peculiar clinical presentation. • Demodicosis is very rare in immunocompetent children.