[Global environmental changes and the epithelial barrier hypothesis]. / Globale Umweltveränderungen und die "epithelial barrier hypothesis".

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) has seen a strong increase in recent decades and attributable to the influence of environmental factors. For a multitude of diseases an association with epithelial barrier damage has been reported. OBJECTIVE: This article provides an overview of the health effects of environmental pollution in the context of the epithelial barrier hypothesis of Cezmi Akdis. Additionally, exemplary mechanisms of a barrier damage are described. Finally, possible preventive and therapeutic consequences are discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PubMed database was searched for the relevant topics and selected literature was reviewed. RESULTS: A wide variety of substances can damage the epithelial barriers of the skin, lungs and gastrointestinal tract. The rise in the prevalences of atopic diseases could (partly) be due to an increased exposure to barrier-damaging substances, such as particulate matter and laundry detergents. A possible pathogenetic mechanism is the initiation and maintenance of an immune response by subepithelial penetration of microorganisms through damaged epithelia. CONCLUSION: Based on the epithelial barrier hypothesis new therapeutic and prevention strategies can be developed. The regulation of hazardous chemicals and the fight against environmental pollution and climate change are necessary to reduce the burden of disease.