Microsatellite Instability Is Insufficiently Used as a Biomarker for Lynch Syndrome Testing in Clinical Practice.
JCO Precis Oncol
; 8: e2300332, 2024 Jan.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38271656
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE:
The pan-cancer presence of microsatellite instability (MSI)-positive tumors demonstrates its clinical utility as an agnostic biomarker for identifying immunotherapy-eligible patients. Additionally, MSI is a hallmark of Lynch syndrome (LS), the most prevalent cancer susceptibility syndrome among patients with colorectal and endometrial cancer. Therefore, MSI-high results should inform germline genetic testing for cancer-predisposing genes. However, in clinical practice, such analysis is frequently disregarded.METHODS:
A next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based technique was used for MSI analysis in 4,553 patients with various tumor types. Upon request, somatic BRAF gene analysis was conducted. In addition, hereditary testing of cancer-associated genes was performed in MSI-high cases using a capture-based NGS protocol. MLH1 promoter methylation analysis was conducted retrospectively in patients with colorectal and endometrial cancer to further investigate the origin of MSI at the tumor level.RESULTS:
The MSI positivity rate for the entire cohort was 5.27%. Endometrial, gastric, colorectal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers showed the highest proportion of MSI-high cases (15.69%, 8.54%, 7.40%, 4.55%, and 3.19%, respectively). A minority of 45 patients (22.73%) among the MSI-high cases underwent germline testing to determine whether the mismatch repair pathway deficiency was inherited. 24.44% of those who performed the genetic test carried a pathogenic variant in an LS-associated gene. Three MSI-high individuals had non-LS gene alterations, including BRCA1, BRCA2, and CDKN2A pathogenic variants, indicating the presence of non-LS-associated gene alterations among MSI-high patients.CONCLUSION:
Although MSI analysis is routinely performed in clinical practice, as many as 77% of MSI-high patients do not undergo LS genetic testing, despite international guidelines strongly recommending it. BRAF and MLH1 methylation analysis could shed light on the somatic origin of MSI in 42.50% of the MSI-high patients; however, MLH1 analysis is barely ever requested in clinical practice.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Síndromes Neoplásicos Hereditarios
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Neoplasias Encefálicas
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Neoplasias Colorrectales
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Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis
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Neoplasias Endometriales
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
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Observational_studies
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Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
JCO Precis Oncol
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Grecia