Breakthrough infection by hepatitis B virus in a vaccinated blood donor: An emerging threat for transfusion safety in low-endemic countries?
J Med Virol
; 96(2): e29463, 2024 Feb.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38345135
ABSTRACT
We present the case of a breakthrough infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), intending to warn about the challenge that HBV represents for transfusion safety. Virological markers for HBV infection were assayed during a blood donor screening by detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and viral nucleic acid (HBV DNA) by a nucleic acid test (NAT). Additionally, samples were analyzed for detection of immunoglobulin M anti-HBc, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBs. A first-time donor repeatedly tested positive for HBV DNA by NAT and nonreactive for HBV-serological markers of infection. He stated having completed the anti-HBV vaccination schedule; thus, study of anti-Hbs resulted in reactive at protective level (18 mIU/mL). The donor denied clinical symptoms of hepatitis and remained healthy during the follow-up period. 95 days postdonation, NAT was negative, seroconversion of anti-HBc ab was detected, and a significant increase in anti-HBs concentration was measured (>1000 mIU/mL). This is the first case of HBV-breakthrough infection reported in Argentina and to our knowledge, this potential threat to transfusion safety is novel in an HBV low-endemic region with high coverage of HBV vaccination. The occurrence of breakthrough infections challenges the current protocols for the identification of HBV-infected subjects, could be a source of silent HBV transmission.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Contexto en salud:
1_ASSA2030
/
2_ODS3
Problema de salud:
1_doencas_transmissiveis
/
2_enfermedades_transmissibles
Asunto principal:
Virus de la Hepatitis B
/
Hepatitis B
Tipo de estudio:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
/
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Med Virol
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Argentina