SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections enhance T cell response magnitude, breadth, and epitope repertoire.
Cell Rep Med
; 5(6): 101583, 2024 Jun 18.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38781962
ABSTRACT
Little is known about the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or SARS2) vaccine breakthrough infections (BTIs) on the magnitude and breadth of the T cell repertoire after exposure to different variants. We studied samples from individuals who experienced symptomatic BTIs during Delta or Omicron waves. In the pre-BTI samples, 30% of the donors exhibited substantial immune memory against non-S (spike) SARS2 antigens, consistent with previous undiagnosed asymptomatic SARS2 infections. Following symptomatic BTI, we observed (1) enhanced S-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in donors without previous asymptomatic infection, (2) expansion of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to non-S targets (M, N, and nsps) independent of SARS2 variant, and (3) generation of novel epitopes recognizing variant-specific mutations. These variant-specific T cell responses accounted for 9%-15% of the total epitope repertoire. Overall, BTIs boost vaccine-induced immune responses by increasing the magnitude and by broadening the repertoire of T cell antigens and epitopes recognized.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos
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Linfocitos T CD8-positivos
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Epítopos de Linfocito T
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19
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SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19
Límite:
Adult
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Cell Rep Med
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos