Balancing the Scales: Caution in Reduction Mammaplasty Recommendations for Obesity Class III Patients.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity has risen worldwide, posing a problem to surgeons as obesity is a well-known risk factor for surgical outcomes. While prior studies have suggested performing reduction mammaplasty (RM) in patients with obesity, the variance in outcomes and quality of life (QoL) for obesity classes are ill-defined. We investigated whether obesity classes should be considered for RM by examining the surgical outcomes and QoL across different weight classes, aiming to pinpoint when outcomes become less favorable. METHODS: Patients undergoing RM by nine surgeons from 2016 to 2022 were included. Body mass index (BMI) cohorts were formed according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines Healthy (18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m 2 ), obesity class I (30-34.9 kg/m 2 ), II (35-39.9 kg/m 2 ), and III (>40 kg/m 2 ). QoL was assessed by comparing preoperative and postoperative BREAST-Q scores within cohorts. A comparison analysis was performed between weight classes. RESULTS: A total of 461 RM patients were identified (healthy 83, overweight 178, I 142, II 39, III 19). Percentage of Black patients, procedure length, weight of tissue removed, and inferior pedicle technique all significantly increased as BMI increased ( P < 0.001). Higher BMI cohorts, especially class III, had significantly higher rates of surgical site infections (healthy 0%, overweight 1.1%, I 1.4%, II 0%, III 15.8%, P < 0.01), fat necrosis (healthy 1.2%, overweight 5.1%, I 7%, II 0%, III 22.2%, P = 0.01), dehiscence (healthy 3.6%, overweight 2.8%, I 2.1%, II 5.1%, III 31.6%, P < 0.01), delayed healing (health 4.8%, overweight 11.2%, I 16.9%, II 28.2%, III 42.1%, P < 0.01), minor T-point breakdown (healthy 10.8%, overweight 15.7%, I 23.9%, II 23.1%, III 52.6%, P = 0.01), and surgical site occurrence requiring procedural intervention (healthy 6.0%, overweight 5.6%, I 6.3%, II 15.4%, III 21.1%, P < 0.05). When compared to the other weight classes independently, class III was associated with unfavorable outcomes ( P < 0.05). Significant improvement in average postoperative QoL scores in satisfaction with breast, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and physical well-being were seen in all cohorts except class III ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Severe obesity class III patients undergoing RM have a higher yet still acceptable risk profile and should be counseled on the risks despite its improved quality of life.