Comparing molecular signatures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in four large freshwater lakes differing in hydrological connectivity to the Changjiang River.

ABSTRACT

Freshwater lakes serve as active conduits for processing terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM), playing a crucial role in global carbon cycle. Little attention has been paid to how hydrological connectivity to a large river would affect the molecular signatures of DOM in lakes. Here, we systematically characterized and compared the molecular signatures of DOM in surface waters of four large freshwater lakes in the middle and lower Changjiang River basin that are directly connected to the river (Lake Dongting and Lake Poyang, referred to as Lakeconnected) or indirectly connected to the river (Lake Chao and Lake Tai, referred to as Lakenonconnected). The DOM in Lakeconnected was found to have similar total organic carbon (TOC)-normalized contents and characteristics of lignin phenols to the DOM in surface waters from the upstream Changjiang river, indicating allochthonous/terrestrial sources from riverine inputs. As indicated by the UV-vis and fluorescence analyses, the DOM in Lakeconnected overall had higher aromaticity and larger average molecular weight as well as stronger allochthonous feature compared to the DOM in Lakenonconnected. Consistently, the FT-ICR MS analysis revealed that the DOM in Lakeconnected had higher molecular diversity, higher unsaturation degree, and larger proportions of highly aromatic compounds. In contrast, the DOM in Lakenonconnected had larger proportions of lipids and peptide-like structures, but lower proportions of aromatic compounds, which could be ascribed to the enhanced autochthonous production and photodegradation due to pollution and eutrophication as well as longer water residence time. The results highlight the strong impacts of the hydrological connectivity to a large river on the molecular signatures of lake DOM. CAPSULE The hydrological connectivity of the lakes to the Changjiang River has strong impacts on the molecular signatures of lake DOM.