High-Electrochemical-Activity Composite Cathode Enabled by Fast Segmental Relaxation for Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

ABSTRACT

Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) have attracted a great deal of attention because of their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety. However, their practical applications are severely impeded by slow redox kinetics and poor cycling stability. Herein, we revealed the detrimental effect of aggregation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) on the redox kinetics and reversibility of SSLSBs. As a paradigm, we introduced a multifunctional hyperbranched ionic conducting (HIC) polymer serving as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and cathode binder for constructing SSLSBs featuring high electrochemical activity and high cycling stability. It is demonstrated that the unique structure of the HIC polymer with numerous flexible ether oxygen dangling chains and fast segmental relaxation enables the dissociation of LiPS clusters, facilitates the conversion kinetics of LiPSs, and improves the battery's performance. A Li|HIC SPE|HIC-S battery, in which the HIC polymer acts as an SPE and cathode binder, exhibits an initial capacity of 910.1 mA h gS-1 at 0.1C and 40 °C, a capacity retention of 73.7% at the end of 200 cycles, and an average Coulombic efficiency of approximately 99.0%, demonstrating high potential for application in SSLSBs. This work provides insights into the electrochemistry performance of SSLSBs and provides a guideline for SPE design for SSLSBs with high specific energy and high safety.