Metabolomic comparison of postprandial distress syndrome patients with and without duodenal eosinophilia.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In functional dyspepsia patients, duodenal mucosal eosinophilia has been associated with early satiety but is not present in all patients suggesting varied pathways to symptom generation. The objective of the current study was to explore metabolic differences comparing those with duodenal mucosal eosinophilia to those without eosinophilia. METHODS: This study was conducted utilizing an existing biorepository. Patients had plasma samples obtained at the time of endoscopy. All had undergone endoscopy for dyspepsia and reported early satiety. Two groups were identified including those with peak duodenal mucosal eosinophil densities above 30/high power field (N = 28) and those below 30 (N = 16). The fasting plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Significant differences between groups were determined. RESULTS: The eosinophilia group demonstrated significant elevations in several gamma-glutamyl amino acids. The eosinophilia group had elevations of metabolites associated with oxidative stress including glutathione metabolites (cysteinlyglycine and cys-gly oxidized), and metabolites related to nitric oxide synthesis (arginine, citrulline, ornithine, and dimethylarginine). Eosinophilia was also associated with alterations in lipid metabolism including several long-chain acylcarnitine conjugated fatty acids. Carnitine levels were lower in the eosinophilia group. Lastly, vanillymandelate, a derivative of norepinephrine and epinephrine was elevated in the eosinophilia group. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with dyspepsia and early satiety, duodenal mucosal eosinophilia is associated with metabolites levels which are consistent with increased oxidative stress and alterations in lipid metabolism. Eosinophilia was also associated with lower carnitine levels. These alterations may contribute to pathophysiology and represent therapeutic targets.