Effects of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration in Breast Carcinoma Cells.

High telomerase activity in human breast cancer is associated with aggressive tumors resulting in decreased survival. Recent studies have shown that telomerase inhibitors may display anticancer properties in some human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we examined the effects of 4 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), used for the treatment of HIV; Abacavir (AC), Lamivudine (LV), Stavudine (SV), and Tenofovir (TF) on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in the normal human mammary epithelial cell line, hTERT-HME1, and the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Cells were treated with AC, LV, SV, or TF alone or in combination with paclitaxel (PAC), a known drug used to treat breast cancer. Conduct of the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that AC, SV, and TF had stronger cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells than in hTERT-HME1 cells. The combined treatment of RTIs and PAC caused high rates of cell death in MCF-7 and low rates of cell death in HTERT-HME1 by apoptosis. The percentages of apoptotic cells in the treatment of AC and SV in combination with PAC for 48 and 72 hours were higher than PAC. Significantly increased apoptosis and decreased migration levels were found in MCF-7 cells treated with AC and co-treatment of AC+PAC or SV+PAC than HME1 cells. These treatments can also prevent migration capacity more than PAC. Therefore, a combination strategy based on telomerase inhibitors such as AC or SV and anticancer drugs may be more effective in the treatment of certain breast cancers.