Biological effect of the nanocrystalline calcium sulfate bone graft in the periodontal regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The ultimate goal of tissue engineering is to reproduce functional alveolar∖Periodontal complex. This study aimed to asses micro- and nano-formulated crystalline calcium sulfate as possible treatment of intrabony defect utilizing an autologous Platelet rich fibrin scaffold. SUBJECTS: and Methods: An experimental prospective split mouth design using eight healthy mongrel dog's was conducted. After two months of extracting the first premolar, bilateral intrabony defects were created mesial to the mandibular second premolar. One side was grafted by nanocrystalline calcium sulfate, while, the opposite side was grafted with microcrystalline calcium sulfate graft. Dogs were randomly euthanized after one month (group I) and 3 months (group II). The primary outcomes were the histological changes of new bone formation in hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains, while histomorphometric and radiographic analysis were the secondary outcome followed by statistical analysis (P value was set at .05). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the percentage of bone formation in relation to defect height in nanocrystalline compared to microcrystalline form after one month and three months in both histological (p-values of <0.0001) and radiographic results (p-values of <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Nanocrystalline calcium sulfate presented a significant enhanced periodontal regeneration compared to the microcrystalline form.