Comparison of Suture-Button Versus Syndesmotic Screw in the Treatment of Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Injury: A Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT

Traditionally screw fixation is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of unstable syndesmosis injuries. However, it is still a controversy whether suture-button (SB) device can achieve better clinical outcomes and decrease the risk of complications compared with syndesmotic screw (SS). The present meta-analysis was conducted to figure out whether SB fixation was superior to traditionally screw fixation. Twelve clinical studies were identified, involving 320 patients in the SB group and 334 patients in the SS group. Among patients treated with SB, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was significantly higher at 3-month follow-up (p = .01) and 2-year follow-up (p = .02), and the Olerud-Molander Ankle (OMA) score at 1-year follow-up (p = .002). In addition, the SB group had significantly better results in the malreduction (p = .0008), implant failure (p < .01), implant removal (p < .01), and local irritation (p = .004). No statistical differences were found in the AOFAS at 6 months follow-up (p = .33) and 1-year follow-up (p = .33), OMA at 3 months follow-up (p = .09), 6 months follow-up (p = .14) and 2 years follow-up (p = .36), the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (p = .73), Euro Qol 5-dimension questionnaire (p = .33), dorsiflexion (DF; p = .91), plantarflexion (p = .23), medial clear space (p = .42), tibiofibular clear space (p = .60), tibiofibular overlap (p = .84), and other complications (p = .95). Based on this meta-analysis, there was no significant difference in postoperative radiological measurements, and no sufficient evidence was found to support the improved clinical outcomes compared with SS fixation group. However, SB technique could improve functional outcomes, reduce the rate of implant removal, implant failure, local irritation, and malreduction without increasing risk of other complications. Therefore, the SB technique should be recommended in the treatment of syndesmosis injuries.