Updated Characterization of Poliovirus Transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan and the Impacts of Different Outbreak Response Vaccine Options.
J Infect Dis
; 224(9): 1529-1538, 2021 11 16.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33885734
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Pakistan and Afghanistan remain the only reservoirs of wild poliovirus transmission. Prior modeling suggested that before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, plans to stop the transmission of serotype 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) and persistent serotype 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) did not appear on track to succeed.METHODS:
We updated an existing poliovirus transmission and Sabin-strain oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) evolution model for Pakistan and Afghanistan to characterize the impacts of immunization disruptions and restrictions on human interactions (ie, population mixing) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also consider different options for responding to outbreaks and for preventive supplementary immunization activities (SIAs).RESULTS:
The modeling suggests that with some resumption of activities in the fall of 2020 to respond to cVDPV2 outbreaks and full resumption on 1 January 2021 of all polio immunization activities to pre-COVID-19 levels, Pakistan and Afghanistan would remain off-track for stopping all transmission through 2023 without improvements in quality.CONCLUSIONS:
Using trivalent OPV (tOPV) for SIAs instead of serotype 2 monovalent OPV offers substantial benefits for ending the transmission of both WPV1 and cVDPV2, because tOPV increases population immunity for both serotypes 1 and 2 while requiring fewer SIA rounds, when effectively delivered in transmission areas.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Contexto em Saúde:
1_ASSA2030
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2_ODS3
/
4_TD
Problema de saúde:
1_doencas_nao_transmissiveis
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1_surtos_doencas_emergencias
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2_enfermedades_transmissibles
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2_muertes_prematuras_enfermedades_notrasmisibles
/
4_pneumonia
Assunto principal:
Poliomielite
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Vacina Antipólio Oral
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Surtos de Doenças
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Poliovirus
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COVID-19
Limite:
Humans
País/Região como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Infect Dis
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos