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Ecology and Epidemiology of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in the Northeastern United States: An Historical Perspective.
Armstrong, Philip M; Andreadis, Theodore G.
Afiliação
  • Armstrong PM; Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1106. 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
  • Andreadis TG; Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1106. 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
J Med Entomol ; 59(1): 1-13, 2022 01 12.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34734628
ABSTRACT
In the current review, we examine the regional history, ecology, and epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) to investigate the major drivers of disease outbreaks in the northeastern United States. EEEV was first recognized as a public health threat during an outbreak in eastern Massachusetts in 1938, but historical evidence for equine epizootics date back to the 1800s. Since then, sporadic disease outbreaks have reoccurred in the Northeast with increasing frequency and northward expansion of human cases during the last 20 yr. Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) (Diptera Culicidae) serves as the main enzootic vector that drives EEEV transmission among wild birds, but this mosquito species will occasionally feed on mammals. Several species have been implicated as bridge vectors to horses and humans, with Coquilletstidia perturbans (Walker) as a leading suspect based on its opportunistic feeding behavior, vector competence, and high infection rates during recent disease outbreaks. A diversity of bird species are reservoir competent, exposed to EEEV, and serve as hosts for Cs. melanura, with a few species, including the wood thrush (Hlocichia mustelina) and the American robin (Turdus migratorius), contributing disproportionately to virus transmission based on available evidence. The major factors responsible for the sustained resurgence of EEEV are considered and may be linked to regional landscape and climate changes that support higher mosquito densities and more intense virus transmission.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Aves / Reservatórios de Doenças / Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste / Encefalomielite Equina / Mosquitos Vetores / Doenças dos Cavalos Tipo de estudo: Screening_studies Limite: Animals / Humans País/Região como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: J Med Entomol Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Aves / Reservatórios de Doenças / Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste / Encefalomielite Equina / Mosquitos Vetores / Doenças dos Cavalos Tipo de estudo: Screening_studies Limite: Animals / Humans País/Região como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: J Med Entomol Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos
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