Severe Obesity Worsens 30-Day Surgical Outcomes and Projected Costs in Operative Femoral Shaft and Tibial Shaft Fractures.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of severe obesity on 30-day adverse event rates, hospital length of stay (LOS), readmissions, and projected costs after operative fixation of tibia and femur fractures. METHODS: An analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database from 2012 to 2019 of isolated femoral shaft and tibial shaft fracture fixation cases was conducted. Adverse events, LOS, readmission rates, and operative time were queried for severe obesity, defined as body mass index greater than 40, compared with other patients. Student t tests were used to assess continuous variables. Fisher exact test and odds ratios were used for categorical variables. A cost-analysis was also performed to quantify the effect of severe obesity on projected health care expenditures. RESULTS: A total of 10,436 patients were included with 7.0% of patients categorized as severely obese. Severely obese patients had higher infectious complication rates (9.0% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.013, OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04-1.78), readmission rates (7.9% vs. 5.6%, P-value = 0.008, OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.91), longer LOS (5.8 days SD ±10.2 vs. 5.0 days SD ±7.9 days, P-value = 0.008), and longer operative times (mean 115 minutes ± 56 minutes SD vs. 103 minutes SD ±54 minutes, P-value = <0.001). Severe obesity resulted in an estimated $4258.07 additional health care expenditures per patient compared with nonobese patients. This amounted to a projected added total expenditure of $3.09 million USD in the overall cohort. CONCLUSION: Severe obesity is associated with significantly worse 30-day outcomes and higher readmission rates for patients undergoing operative fixation of tibial shaft and femoral shaft fractures. Health policy considerations should be made to incentivize care for this patient population, particularly in trauma where modification of risk factors before surgery is often not feasible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.