Evidence on the links between water insecurity, inadequate sanitation and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS One
; 18(5): e0286146, 2023.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37228056
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Water insecurity and inadequate sanitation have adverse impacts on the mental health of individuals.OBJECTIVE:
To review and synthesize evidence on the relationship between water insecurity, inadequate sanitation, and mental health globally. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases from inception up to March 2023. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Only quantitative studies were included. The exposure was water insecurity and or inadequate sanitation. The outcome was common mental disorders (CMD depression or anxiety), mental distress, mental health or well-being. There was no restriction on geographical location.PARTICIPANTS:
General population or people attending health facilities or other services. EXPOSURE Water insecurity and/ or inadequate sanitation. RISK OF BIAS The effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) assessment tool was used to assess quality of selected studies. SYNTHESIS OFRESULTS:
A meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects statistical model.RESULTS:
Twenty-five studies were included, with 23,103 participants from 16 countries in three continents Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana, Uganda, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, and Lesotho), Asia (Nepal, Bangladesh, India, and Iran) and the Americas (Brazil, Haiti, Bolivia and Vietnam). There was a statistically significant association between water insecurity and CMD symptoms. Nine studies reported a continuous outcome (5,248 participants) overall standardized mean difference (SMD = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.88, 1.87). Five studies reported a binary outcome (5,776 participants) odds ratio 5.03; 95% CI = 2.26, 11.18. There was a statistically significant association between inadequate sanitation and CMD symptoms (7415 participants), overall SMD = 5.36; 95% CI = 2.51, 8.20.LIMITATIONS:
Most of the included studies were cross-sectional which were unable to examine temporal relationships.CONCLUSIONS:
Water insecurity and inadequate sanitation contribute to poorer mental health globally. IMPLICATIONS OF KEYFINDINGS:
Interventions to provide basic water, sanitation and psychosocial support, could substantially contribute to reducing the burden of CMD alongside other health and social benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42022322528.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Contexto em Saúde:
2_ODS3
Problema de saúde:
2_enfermedades_transmissibles
/
2_quimicos_contaminacion
Assunto principal:
Saúde Mental
/
Insegurança Hídrica
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
/
Systematic_reviews
Limite:
Humans
País/Região como assunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
PLoS One
Assunto da revista:
CIENCIA
/
MEDICINA
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Etiópia