Pediatric Cryptococcosis.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
; 43(4): 307-312, 2024 Apr 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38241632
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Seroprevalence studies have shown that 70% of children are exposed to Cryptococcus , the most common cause of meningitis in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but reported pediatric disease prevalence is much lower than in adults.METHODS:
PubMed and Ovid Global Health databases were searched with the terms "cryptococcosis," "cryptococcal meningitis," " Cryptococcus neoformans " or " Cryptococcus gattii ." All studies reporting pediatric specific data in the English language from 1980 up until December 2022 were included.RESULTS:
One hundred sixty-eight publications were reviewed totaling 1469 children, with the majority reported from Africa (54.2%). Sixty-five percent (961) were HIV positive, 10% (147) were non-HIV immunocompromised and 19% (281) were immunocompetent. Clinical signs and symptoms were only reported for 458 children, with fever (64%), headache (55%) and vomiting (39%) being the most common. Most children (80%) suffered from meningoencephalitis. Lung involvement was rarely described in HIV-positive children (1%), but significantly more common in the non-HIV immunocompromised (36%) and immunocompetent (40%) groups ( P < 0.0001). Only 22% received the recommended antifungal combination therapy, which was significantly higher in immunocompetent children than those with HIV (39% vs. 6.8%; P < 0.0001). Overall mortality was 23%. A significant higher mortality was observed in children with HIV compared with immunocompetent children (32% vs. 16%; P < 0.001), but not compared with children with non-HIV immunosuppression (25).CONCLUSIONS:
This is the largest review of pediatric cryptococcosis with new observations on differences in clinical presentation and outcome depending on the underlying condition. The lack of granular clinical data urges prospective clinical epidemiological studies for improved insight in the epidemiology, management and outcome of cryptococcosis in children.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Contexto em Saúde:
2_ODS3
Problema de saúde:
2_cobertura_universal
Assunto principal:
Soropositividade para HIV
/
Criptococose
/
Cryptococcus neoformans
Tipo de estudo:
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Child
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Pediatr Infect Dis J
/
Pediatr. infect. dis. j
/
Pediatric infectious disease journal
Assunto da revista:
DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS
/
PEDIATRIA
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Reino Unido