Gene expression associated with vaginal bleeding in women using the 52-mg levonorgestrel hormonal intrauterine device: A prospective study.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet
; 165(3): 1199-1209, 2024 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38299835
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate gene expression associated with vaginal bleeding in the 52-mg hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) users. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
We conducted a prospective study involving 100 women seeking to use the 52-mg hormonal IUD for contraception. We excluded women with a history or current condition of abnormal uterine bleeding and who were unable to attend a 1-year follow up. Women who expelled the device, removed it for reasons unrelated to vaginal bleeding, or were lost to follow up were discontinued. We collected endometrial biopsies immediately before IUD placement and assessed 20 selected genes using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Users maintained a uterine bleeding diary for 12 months following IUD insertion. For statistical analysis, participants were categorized into groups with or without vaginal bleeding at 3 and 12 months.RESULTS:
Women with elevated CXCL9 expression had an 8.15-fold higher likelihood of experiencing vaginal bleeding at 3 months (odds ratio [OR] 8.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-29.61, P = 0.001). At 12 months of follow up, women with increased TIMP1 expression had a 2.74-fold higher chance of experiencing vaginal bleeding (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.08-6.95, P = 0.033). CXCL9 ≥ 1.5 and IL17A ≥ 0.68 were associated with a higher probability of vaginal bleeding at 3 months, while TIMP1 levels ≥0.943 were linked to an increased risk of bleeding at 12 months.CONCLUSION:
Users of the 52-mg hormonal IUD with elevated relative CXCL9 expression face an increased risk of vaginal bleeding at 3-month follow up, whereas those with heightened TIMP1 expression are more likely to experience vaginal bleeding at 12 months.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Hemorragia Uterina
/
Levanogestrel
/
Dispositivos Intrauterinos Medicados
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
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Female
/
Humans
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Gynaecol Obstet
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Brasil