Original investigation: manipulating energy availability in male endurance runners: a randomised controlled trial.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of 4 days low energy availability (LEA) on physiological markers and mood states in male endurance runners. Twelve participants (mean (standard deviation); age 25.8 (3.8) years; fat-free mass (FFM) 52.8 (5.5) kg) completed three 4-day conditions adequate energy availability (AEA) 45 kcal/kg FFM/day; LEA1 30 kcal/kg FFM/day; and LEA2 15 kcal/kg FFM/day, in a randomized order. Participants ran on a treadmill at 65% of V̇O2max until they expended 15 kcal/kg FFM/day of energy. Energy intake was adjusted to achieve the desired energy availability. Pre- and post-measurements of bone turnover, metabolism, testosterone and estradiol (plasma), resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), and mood states (Brunel Mood Scale) were assessed. The results reported a significant decrease in testosterone (condition × time interaction, p = 0.03) occurred on LEA2 (Pre 23.8 (7.0) nmol/L vs. Post 20.3 (7.7) nmol/L) compared with AEA (Pre 22.9 (5.5) nmol/L vs. Post 23.3 (6.1) nmol/L) or LEA1 (Pre 23.6 (8.6) nmol/L vs. Post 20.9 (8.8) nmol/L). Fatigue level significantly increased (condition × time interaction, p = 0.02) in LEA2 (Pre 3.5 (1.7) vs. Post 6.5 (2.9)) but did not change in AEA (Pre 2.8 (1.5) vs. Post 2.5 (2.7)) or LEA1 (Pre 2.8(2.4) vs. Post 2.9 (2.0)). Other measures were unaffected by the interventions. In conclusion, this study suggests that testosterone and fatigue may serve as early indicators of LEA in male runners. However, other physiological markers and mood states appeared largely unaffected, aligning with existing literature indicating minimal disruption of physiological functions during acute LEA in male athletes. Study registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial No. 381278).