Toxicological risk assessment using spring water quality indices in plateaus of Giresun Province/Türkiye: a holistic hydrogeochemical data analysis.
Environ Geochem Health
; 46(8): 285, 2024 Jul 05.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38967745
ABSTRACT
Water scarcity is a growing concern due to rapid urbanization and population growth. This study assesses spring water quality at 20 stations in Giresun province, Türkiye, focusing on potentially toxic elements and physicochemical parameters. The Water Quality Index rated most samples as "excellent" during the rainy season and "good" during the dry season, except at stations 4 (40° 35' 12â³ North/38° 26' 34â³ East) and 19 (40° 44' 28â³ North/38° 06' 53â³ West), indicating "poor" quality. Mean macro-element concentrations (mg/L) were Ca (34.27), Na (10.36), Mg (8.26), and K (1.48). Mean trace element values (µg/L) were Al (1093), Zn (110.54), Fe (67.45), Mn (23.03), Cu (9.79), As (3.75), Ni (3.00), Cr (2.84), Pb (2.70), Co (1.93), and Cd (0.76). Health risk assessments showed minimal non-carcinogenic risks, while carcinogenic risk from arsenic slightly exceeded safe limits (CR = 1.75E-04). Higher arsenic concentrations during the rainy season were due to increased recharge, arsenic-laden surface runoff, and human activities. Statistical analyses (PCA, PCC, HCA) suggested that metals and physico-chemical parameters originated from lithogenic, anthropogenic, or mixed sources. Regular monitoring of spring water is recommended to mitigate potential public health risks from waterborne contaminants.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Estações do Ano
/
Poluentes Químicos da Água
/
Qualidade da Água
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Monitoramento Ambiental
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Geochem Health
Assunto da revista:
QUIMICA
/
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Turquia