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1.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 1217, 2024 Oct 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39456004

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Clinical dishonesty is one of the components of academic dishonesty that deals with the unprofessional behavior of students in hospital and clinic environments (medical students, nursing students, etc.). Psychological distress and low moral intelligence among students can be known as predisposing factors in performing dishonest clinical behaviors. The present research addresses a gap in the scientific literature by investigating dishonest behavior among medical students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined medical students' clinical dishonesty, psychological distress, and moral intelligence. Rafati et al.'s questionnaire was used to investigate clinical dishonesty, Kessler's Psychological Distress Questionnaire (K6) was used for psychological distress, and Lenik and Keil's (2005) questionnaire was used to determine moral intelligence. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size and the simple random sample (SRS) method was used for sampling. Data were statistically analyzed in SPSS version 27 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). a P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 317 medical students were included in this study, of which 176 (55.5%) were male and 141 (44.5%) were female. We found a direct and significant statistical correlation between clinical dishonesty and students' distress (Correlation Coefficient: 0.162, P-value < 0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between clinical dishonesty and moral intelligence (Correlation Coefficient: -0.241, P-value: 0.004). Moreover, there was a higher rate of clinical dishonesty among senior medical students (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, the most dishonest clinical behaviors are as follows: [1] Disclosure of patient information in public or with non-medical personnel (76%), Incorrect examination of vital signs and physical examinations (69.4%), Not reporting incidents or errors of others involving patients (41.6%). CONCLUSION: Finally, most students have experienced engaging in at least one clinically dishonest behavior. Such actions increase with the progress of the educational level so that it reaches its peak at the internship stage. Moral intelligence is a learnable concept, and mental distress also has its own treatments. Therefore, improving these two factors can reduce clinical dishonesty among medical students.


Subject(s)
Morals , Students, Medical , Humans , Students, Medical/psychology , Female , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Psychological Distress , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Professional Misconduct/psychology , Adult , Stress, Psychological , Emotional Intelligence
2.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 1143, 2024 Oct 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39402622

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine is defined as searching for medical information, reviewing and comparing it to each patient's situation, and then judging the optimal decision. We aimed to measure the psychometric properties of the Evidence-Based Performance Profile (EBP2) Questionnaire among the students of health-related fields at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. The EBP2 questionnaire, which includes 74 five-Likert-scale items, was translated into the Persian language using the forward-backward translation method. A panel of five experts approved the face, content, and structural validity of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega coefficients were utilized to assess the questionnaire's internal consistency. Furthermore, both confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to assess the questionnaire's construct validity. SPSS software version 25 and LISREL software version 8.8 were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 339 students participated in this study. The cultural adaptability, linguistic equivalence, and content validity of the Persian version of the EBP2 questionnaire were approved by a five-member team of medical experts. In addition, the results showed excellent internal consistency of the Persian version of the EBP2 questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.962, McDonald's Omega (ML) = 0.963). Moreover, all domains had acceptable reliability (> 0.7), except the Practice domain which had a marginally acceptable Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.686. Exploratory factor analysis discovered six domains for the questionnaire. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that all indices except the comparative fit index (CFI) and adjusted goodness of fit (AGFI) confirmed the validity of the EBP2 questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The study's findings indicate that the Persian translated of the EBP2 questionnaire exhibited satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing students' evidence-based performance in health-related fields.


Subject(s)
Psychometrics , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Iran , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Medical/psychology , Translations , Evidence-Based Practice , Adult
3.
J Diabetes Metab Disord ; 23(1): 773-781, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38932891

ABSTRACT

Purpose: We applied machine learning to study associations between regional body fat distribution and diabetes mellitus in a population of community adults in order to investigate the predictive capability. We retrospectively analyzed a subset of data from the published Fasa cohort study using individual standard classifiers as well as ensemble learning algorithms. Methods: We measured segmental body composition using the Tanita Analyzer BC-418 MA (Tanita Corp, Japan). The following features were input to our machine learning model: fat-free mass, fat percentage, basal metabolic rate, total body water, right arm fat-free mass, right leg fat-free mass, trunk fat-free mass, trunk fat percentage, sex, age, right leg fat percentage, and right arm fat percentage. We performed classification into diabetes vs. no diabetes classes using linear support vector machine, decision tree, stochastic gradient descent, logistic regression, Gaussian naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbors (k = 3 and k = 4), and multi-layer perceptron, as well as ensemble learning using random forest, gradient boosting, adaptive boosting, XGBoost, and ensemble voting classifiers with Top3 and Top4 algorithms. 4661 subjects (mean age 47.64 ± 9.37 years, range 35 to 70 years; 2155 male, 2506 female) were analyzed and stratified into 571 and 4090 subjects with and without a self-declared history of diabetes, respectively. Results: Age, fat mass, and fat percentages in the legs, arms, and trunk were positively associated with diabetes; fat-free mass in the legs, arms, and trunk, were negatively associated. Using XGBoost, our model attained the best excellent accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 89.96%, 90.20%, 89.65%, and 89.91%, respectively. Conclusions: Our machine learning model showed that regional body fat compositions were predictive of diabetes status.

4.
J Adv Med Educ Prof ; 12(2): 69-78, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38660435

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Simulation-based education (SBE) is an instructional approach that aims to accurately recreate real-life scenarios and engage learners in the practical application of lesson content. By replicating critical elements of clinical situations, SBE facilitates a deeper understanding and better preparation for managing such conditions in actual clinical practice. SBE offers promising prospects for improving medical education and patient care in various settings, such as outpatient clinics. Therefore, this scoping review aims to determine to what extent the most effective components and standards of the simulation have been considered in outpatient education. Methods: The present scoping review adheres to the guidelines outlined in the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist" and the "Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers' Manual". This review focused on articles that specifically focused on the use of simulation in outpatient education. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ERIC were searched for keywords related to simulation, ambulatory care, outpatient clinics, and medical education from January 1, 2001, to August 12, 2023. Results: The search indicated 513 articles, which were narrowed down by title and abstract relatedness. Twenty-nine articles entered the study's second phase, and after reviewing their full text, nine articles that explicitly reported simulation use in outpatient education remained. Based on the findings of eligible articles, the ten most frequent components of SBE that should be considered and followed discussed. These features were training facilitators, pre-briefing sessions, the type of simulation techniques, the site of simulation participation, the simulation duration, unit of participation, extent of direct participation, Simulation fidelity, feedback, and debriefing and reflection. Conclusion: SBE is a contemporary method of practical training for medical students that involves realistic modeling or simulation of clinical situations. It enhances learning effectiveness and provides a safe, educational atmosphere for teaching and learning. Designing simulations adhering to established standards and carefully considering essential components improves efficiency and effectiveness.

5.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 141, 2024 Feb 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38351037

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Designing, developing, and implementing a course without assessing and prioritizing instructional needs may result in inefficiency due to the disregard for the actual needs of the target population. The present study aimed to determine and prioritize medical students' instructional needs regarding Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This survey study was carried out in three stages (2020-2021) using the Delphi technique. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select the instructors. The students were selected through simple random sampling. The first round of the Delphi technique involved a questionnaire consisting of one open-ended question, completed by 49 basic/clinical faculty members and 47 senior medical students. In the second round, a 5-point Likert scale-based questionnaire was used to prioritize the instructional needs. The reliability of the questionnaire was verified by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In the third round, a focus group was used. A total of six expert faculty members and one senior medical student were invited to the focus group session to prioritize the needs. Data were analyzed using Friedman's non-parametric ranking test in SPSS version 26. RESULTS: Ten instructional needs priorities were extracted, including common pharmacotherapies (antibiotics and narcotics), prescriptions, physiology, anatomy, physical examination, electrocardiography interpretation, radiography, computed tomography scans, serum electrolyte disorders, and cardiovascular and internal (endocrine and metabolic) diseases. The chi-squared calculated value (715.584) indicated a significant difference in the importance of the questionnaire's questions (P < 0.001). These questions did not have equal value, and the importance, from the respondent's point of view and the observed distribution of ranks, was not the output of a random factor. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study can be used to design MOOCs, revise instructional programs, and adapt the curriculum to meet the needs of general practitioners, which will, in turn, help meet the medical needs of the general population.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Students, Medical , Humans , Schools, Medical , Reproducibility of Results , Curriculum
6.
PLoS One ; 18(11): e0287520, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37972028

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The sudden transition from face-to-face teaching to virtual remote education and the need to implement it during COVID-19 initially posed specific challenges to educational institutions. Identifying and understanding teachers' experiences pave the way for discovering and meeting educational needs. This study explored faculty members' teaching experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The qualitative descriptive design via conventional content analysis was used. It was conducted from January 13, 2020, to May 10, 2022. In-depth interviews (online and in-person) of ten faculty members, three managers, and one staff from Lorestan University of Medical Sciences were conducted. They were purposefully selected with maximum variation. Simultaneously with data collection, analysis was performed using the approach Graneheim and Lundman proposed (2004). Lincoln and Goba's criteria were used to obtain the study's rigor. RESULTS: Six categories emerged from the data: education in the shadow of the crisis, Challenges related to the teaching-learning process, Blurred boundaries between personal and professional lives, Positive consequences of e-learning, Trying to deal with the crisis, And dealing with the crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Initially, teachers faced several challenges in the teaching-learning process and even in their personal life. However, with time, the actions of the teachers and the managers caused an increase in the quality of education. However, planning and foresight are needed in developing countries, including Iran, to appropriately face and optimally manage similar crises and move towards blended learning.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Education, Distance , Educational Personnel , Humans , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Educational Status
7.
BMC Med Educ ; 23(1): 719, 2023 Oct 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37789306

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Even though a lot of scholars have been looking at outpatient education lately because it has become more popular and they want to know about its successes, failures, and problems, we have not been able to find a complete study. Therefore, our study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the various aspects of outpatient education based on the actual experiences of medical students, faculty, and residents. METHODS: Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data for this qualitative study. Until data saturation was reached, the interviews continued. A total of 21 participants from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, including medical students, residents, and teachers, were enrolled. The Guba and Lincoln-first written standards for scientific accuracy in qualitative research were used to figure out how reliable the data were. RESULTS: Fourteen categories were extracted from four main themes. The results show that four categories: "physical space and equipment," "prerequisites related to the curriculum," "teaching skills development," and "near-peer teachers" should be considered for outpatient education preparation. Theme 2, "implementation requirements," included "student dimension," "faculty's commitment to planning," and "program supervision." Theme 3, "challenges of outpatient education," was described by five related categories, including "curriculum implementation challenges," "student challenges," "faculty challenges," "system-related challenges," and "patient-related challenges." Finally, two categories emerged about facilitators of outpatient education: internal and external facilitators. CONCLUSION: Outpatient clinics represent a crucial aspect of medical practice. To effectively leverage this resource, preliminary planning, considering all the prerequisites, paying attention to the implementation requirements, getting to know the challenges, and trying to solve them, especially with incentives, are essential.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Students, Medical , Humans , Outpatients , Curriculum , Faculty , Qualitative Research , Faculty, Medical
8.
BMC Med Educ ; 23(1): 566, 2023 Aug 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37559020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) remains an important medical diagnostic and screening tool. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of online classes instead of traditional face-to-face or blended methods in medical students' ECG learning. METHODS: Two hundred and fifteen medical students (including 105 (48.8%) males and 110 (51.2%) females) were studied from February 2021 to February 2022. Regardless of their grade, participants were divided into three groups: online, face-to-face, and blended. Then all participants sat for an ECG interpretation exam, and their results were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-six (12.1%) participants were residents, and 189 (87.9%) were interns. Thirty-five (16.3%), 85 (39.5%), and 95 (44.2%) participants were taught ECG through face-to-face, online, and blended methods, respectively. Regarding participants' preferences on teaching methods, 118 (54.9%) preferred face-to-face learning, and the remaining 97 (45.1%) chose online learning (p < 0.001). The blended method seemed more promising in almost half of the exam questions regarding teaching method effectiveness. The mean total exam score was also significantly higher in participants who were taught blended than in the others (7.20 ± 1.89, p = 0.017). Face-to-face (5.97 ± 2.33) and online teaching methods (6.07 ± 2.07) had similar efficacy according to the mean total score (p = 0.819). CONCLUSION: While most students preferred face-to-face learning to online learning, a blended method seemed more promising regarding students' skill enhancement to interpret ECG.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Students, Medical , Male , Female , Humans , Learning , Education, Medical/methods , Curriculum , Electrocardiography , Teaching
9.
BMC Med Educ ; 23(1): 553, 2023 Aug 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37550637

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Medical undergraduates need to improve their techniques for learning in the different settings of learning in clinical rotations. Reflective learning, in which a person can learn from their experiences, is among the most well-known learning skills. In this study, we aim to translate the newly developed modified form of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ) to Persian and evaluate its reliability and validity among medical students. METHODS: This study was performed on medical students in clinical stages at the Shiraz University of Medical Science in 2022. The modified MSLQ questionnaire was used in this study which is a 32-item tool measuring different aspects of self-reflecting, including self-orientation, feedback-seeking, critical thinking, and self-regulation. This questionnaire was translated into Persian properly. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis were used to ascertain the reliability and validity of the tool. RESULTS: A total of 325 medical students consisting of 174 men and 151 women with an average age of 23.79 (± 2.21) were enrolled. Path diagrams of confirmatory factor analysis for both standardized regression coefficients and t-values and all the fitness indicators were in favor of the proper validation of the translated version. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire was 0.9, and the value for each of four subscales was above 0.7. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the Persian-translated version of the modified MSLQ is valid and reliable without taking too much time and effort to implement. We recommend that the developed tool be distributed to medical students from other Iran universities.


Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Male , Humans , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Learning , Iran , Psychometrics
10.
BMC Med Educ ; 23(1): 618, 2023 Aug 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37644540

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The clinical learning evaluation questionnaire can be used in the clinical trial period of medical students to measure the effectiveness of the clinical learning environment. The purpose of this study was to collect validity evidence of an adapted questionnaire to measure the transcultural adaptation of a Persian version of CLEQ. METHODS: A total of 200 questionnaires were completed by students who were at the end of their clinical rotation. The study instrument was the latest version of the CLEQ consists of 18 Items in four dimensions. The CLEQ was translated into Persian language through a four-step process of forward and backward translation. Data analysis was performed on two softwares, SPSS, version 22 and Lisrel, version 8.8. RESULTS: The results showed that the 18-question CLEQ could be applied to the Persian translation of the tool. The response process evidence of the Persian questionnaire was established through feedback from 15 students in the sample group. The content validity index (CVI) for the items were between 0.8 and 0.9, and the content validity ratio (CVR) for the entire questionnaire was 0.9. The 4-factor feature of CLEQ was good model fit. The internal consistency analysis indicated that the Cronbach's alpha values for all items of the 18-item questionnaire were equal to 0.87 and for the subscales were 0.68 to 0.79. CONCLUSION: The Persian translation of the 4-factor CLEQ has sufficient validity evidence to measure the transcultural adaptability of clinical education activities by instructors and students. The validity evidence are content, response process and internal structure. We recommend that the English 6-factor and 6-factor versions of CLEQ be tested on medical students at multiple foreign academic institutions to assess their efficiency.


Subject(s)
Learning , Students, Medical , Humans , Educational Status , Language , Schools , Program Evaluation , Educational Measurement , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
J Educ Health Promot ; 12: 107, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37288415

ABSTRACT

Interpreting an electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial for every physician. The physician's competency in ECG interpretation needs to be improved at any stage of medical education. The aim of the present study was to review the currently published clinical trials of ECG teaching to medical students and provide suggestions for future works. On May 1, 2022, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ERIC were searched to retrieve relevant articles on clinical trials of ECG teaching to medical students. The quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the Buckley et al. criteria. The screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal processes were duplicated independently. In case of disagreements, consultation with a third author was put forth. In total, 861 citations were found in the databases. After screening abstracts and full texts, 23 studies were deemed eligible. The majority of the studies were of good quality. Peer teaching (7 studies), self-directed learning (6 studies), web-based learning (10 studies), and various assessment modalities (3 studies) comprised the key themes of the studies. Various methods of ECG teaching were encountered in the reviewed studies. Future studies in ECG training should focus on novel and creative teaching methods, the extent to which self-directed learning can be effective, the utility of peer teaching, and the implications of computer-assisted ECG interpretation (e.g., artificial intelligence) for medical students. Long-term knowledge retention assessment studies based on different approaches integrated with clinical outcomes could be beneficial in determining the most efficient modalities.

12.
BMC Med Educ ; 23(1): 379, 2023 May 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37226139

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Defining standards is the first step toward quality assurance and improvement of educational programs. This study aimed at developing and validating a set of national standards for the Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) program through an accreditation system in Iran using the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) framework. METHODS: The first draft of standards was prepared through consultative workshops with the participation of different UME program stakeholders. Subsequently, standards were sent to medical schools and UME directors were asked to complete a web-based survey. The content validity index at the item level (I-CVI) was computed using criteria including clarity, relevance, optimization and evaluability for each standard. Afterward, a full-day consultative workshop was held and a wide range of UME stakeholders across the country (n = 150) discussed the survey results and made corrections to standards. RESULTS: Analysis of survey results showed that relevance criteria had the best CVI as only 15 (13%) standards demonstrated CVI < 0.78. More than two-thirds (71%) and a half (55%) of standards showed CVI < 0.78 for optimization and evaluability criteria. The final set of UME national standards was structured in 9 areas, 24 sub-areas, 82 basic and 40 quality development standards, and 84 annotations. CONCLUSIONS: We developed and validated national standards as a framework to ensure the quality of UME training with input from UME stakeholders. We used WFME standards as a benchmark while addressing local requirements. The standards and participatory approach to developing standards may guide relevant institutions.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Education, Medical , Humans , Iran , Accreditation , Benchmarking
13.
BMC Nurs ; 22(1): 8, 2023 Jan 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36624447

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dyadic practice of learners creates supportive learning. So far, few studies have investigated the impact of this approach on students' empathy and self-efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dyadic practice on nursing students' clinical self-efficacy and empathy. METHODS: This study was based on a pretest-posttest randomized group from September to December 2018. All the junior nursing students (n = 44) were divided into intervention (n = 22) and control groups (n = 22) using stratified random sampling. The intervention group was trained for 6 days as student dyads, while the control group was under the supervision of an instructor and worked individually. The students' levels of empathy and self-efficacy were evaluated on the first day (pretest) and the last day (post-test) by The Self-Efficacy in Clinical Performance Scale and Mehrabian and Epstein empathy scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software by Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, independent t-test paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Dyadic practice increased empathy in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The adjusted mean of total empathy in the intervention group was 21.1 degrees higher than the adjusted mean of total empathy in the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in clinical self-efficacy (P = 0.762). CONCLUSIONS: The employment of this approach seems helpful in creating an empathic atmosphere. However, further studies are required to prove the effectiveness of this method on self-efficacy.

16.
J Adv Med Educ Prof ; 10(4): 253-258, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36310666

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Critical appraisal skills are presumed to perform a principal part in evidence-based health education and practice methods. This study aimed to design an educational intervention around critical appraisal in this context, evaluate the efficacy of the teaching methods, and investigate critical appraisal skills training to undergraduate medical students. Methods: In this prospective Randomized Control Trial (RCT), 256 sixth-year undergraduate medical students from Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran, participated. 124 of the students were not taught critical thinking methods as a control group, and 132 participants were taught critical thinking methods by multi-media and attended an online Critical Appraisal Skills (CAS) training workshop as an intervention group. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) questionnaire to evaluate students' knowledge, attitude, confidence, and appraisal skills. This questionnaire was translated into Persian for the first time in Iran by Shokooh Varai, et al. They investigated its validity and reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire being obtained by the Richardson Index (0.75), and the validity being confirmed by some faculty members of Tehran Nursing and Midwifery School. To compare both control and intervention groups, we used an independent t-test and a Chi-Square test at a significance level of 5%, and to analyze the demographic information, we applied some descriptive statistics: frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation. All of the statistical approaches were analyzed, using SPSS 22. Results: In all dimensions of the critical appraisal skills, medical students who completed the critical appraisal multi-media training and workshop performed better than those who did not (control group), and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the Chi-Square test results showed no statistical relationship between the groups regarding the demographic variables (p>0.05). Also, the Cohen's D effect size values in the knowledge and confidence dimensions were greater than 0.5; this meant a large effect. Regarding the attitude and appraises Skill dimensions, the effect size was between 0.2 and 0.5, which meant a medium effect. Conclusions: Teaching critical appraisal skills through multi-media and CAS online workshops to medical students effectively improves the students' knowledge and confidence in appraising articles. This teaching also indicated a medium effect on students' attitudes and behavior. Our findings can justify implementing critical appraisal skills teaching modules in the undergraduate medical education curriculum.

18.
Iran J Med Sci ; 47(5): 391-393, 2022 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36117583
19.
Med J Islam Repub Iran ; 36: 80, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36128296

ABSTRACT

Background: Development and assessment of clinical decision-making skills are essential in midwifery education because of their role in mothers' and infants' safety. Therefore, the present study's primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between experience levels and clinical decision-making skills using the key features (KFs) examination. Methods: One hundred and two midwifery students in five different education levels participated in this cross-sectional study through convenient sampling. Twenty KFs questions were designed based on the principles of the KFs examination. The participants' information, including grade point average (GPA), theoretical and practical scores of the obstetrics course, were collected. KFs scores were compared according to students' training semester by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson correlation was conducted to explore the correlation between KFs scores and GPA as well as theoretical and practical scores. All statistical analyses were performed at a significance level of 0.05 (p≤0.05). We used five kinds of effect size calculators, which include mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (cohend), partial Eta-squared, Cohenf, and partial omega-squared. Results: There was no correlation between KFs scores and the grade point average, theoretical exam scores, and practical exam scores. KFs scores linearly rose as the learners' level increased with a mean± SD score of 7.61±1.09 during the third semester compared to 11.55 ± 1.89 during the eighth semester (p=0.001). The effect size of this result was large (partial omega square=0.35, partial eta square=0.38 & cohen's f=0.73). The largest SMD was related to the comparison of KFs scores between the eighth and third semester (MD=3.58, SMD=2.554 [CI 95%: 1.719-3.389], p-value═ 0.001), and the lowest was related to the comparison between the third and fourth semesters (MD=0.354, SMD= 0.2 [CI 95%: -0.421-0.821], p=0.987). Conclusion: Establishing proficiency in clinical decision-making skills is a linear process greatly enhanced by experience, clearly shown by the present study results. Using KFs examination and obtaining extensive evidence to its benefit can allow us to renegotiate proficiency evaluation methods for students in clinical fields. the education curriculum should focus more on identifying clinical KFs skills than merely teaching knowledge about disease processes.

20.
J Educ Health Promot ; 11: 221, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36177414

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Due to the rapid advancement of medical knowledge, promotion in research is necessary to have the best clinical practice. Research Self-efficacy (RSE) is the researcher's confidence in their ability to conduct a specific study. The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) represents how to improve the quality of care and treatment of patients. RSE and EBP are the cornerstones of successful research and then efficacious medical practice. This study aims to evaluate RSE and acceptance of EBP and their correlation among medical students. MATERIALS AND MEHODS: This is a cross-sectional study designed on 600 clinical students at the medical school of Shiraz, using a census method in 2020. Students were invited to fill out the standardized Phillips and Russell's questionnaires about RSE (4 domains, 33 questions) and Rubin and Parrish's questionnaire of EBP (10 questions). The gathered data were analyzed through the SPSS at α = 0.05 using descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square, and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between EBP and RSE score (P < 0.05). The results of linear regression test showed that all variables had a significant effect on our response variables and their effect were significant (P < 0.05). The highest mean score in RSE was shown in the subscale of writing skills (52.54). The lowest score was observed in the subscale of quantitative (student's subjective assessment of their ability to work with statistically related data and formulas) as well as computer skills (35.61). CONCLUSIONS: Students who participated in a research project, workshop, or Master of Public Health program got a higher RSE and EBP. Due to the positive correlation between RSE and EBP, we conclude that trained physicians who can research independently and use research evidence can find the best treatment approach for patients. These finding support the importance of integrating research education in medical curriculum to increase RSE and finally improvement of EBP among medical students.

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