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1.
Transplant Proc ; 45(1): 212-7, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23375302

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation is widely performed in adult patients. One of the problems in this setting is a small-for-size graft, which results in dysfunction and poor prognosis of a transplantation. A right liver graft was devised to overcome this problem; furthermore, inclusion of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) has been suggested to greatly improve recipient outcomes. However, extended right hepatectomy involves a surgical risk for the living donor in terms of congestion of the left paramedian sector. The volume of the venoocclusive region of a living donor liver possibly varies depending on the collateral patterns of veins draining the cranial part of segment 4 (S4). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We were analyzed the normal livers of 50 patients who underwent triphasic contrast-enhanced multidetector row computed tomography during preoperative and postoperative examinations. The patient pathologies consisted of gastric cancer (n = 25), colon cancer (n = 1), or renal cancer (n = 24). We calculated the volume of the entire liver as well as those of the right graft and left remnant lobes for comparison with the drainage volume of each hepatic vein and its branches. RESULTS: On the basis of the anatomic venous drainage of the cranial part of S4 (V4sup), we classified hepatic veins as group A (n = 31), the V4sup joined the left hepatic vein or the MHV distal to the vein draining S8 area (MV8), or group B (n = 19), V4sup joined the MHV proximal to MV8. The mean volume of the congested area was 6.9% in group A and 15.9% in group B. The venoocclusive areas in the remnant livers were estimated to be larger in group B (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The collateral pattern of V4sup and MV8 as well as preoperative volumetric analysis are important for graft selection to decide the line of transection.


Subject(s)
Donor Selection/methods , Liver Transplantation/methods , Liver/surgery , Living Donors , Tissue and Organ Procurement/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Contrast Media/pharmacology , Female , Hepatic Veins/pathology , Humans , Liver/anatomy & histology , Liver Failure/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasms/therapy , Prognosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
2.
Infect Immun ; 71(5): 2941-4, 2003 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12704175

ABSTRACT

Two proteins representing the heavy-chain subunits of botulinum neurotoxin types C and D were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their vaccine potential was evaluated. Mice were vaccinated with doses ranging from 0.5 to 10 microg and were challenged with 10 to 10(5) 50% lethal doses of toxin. For the type C subunit protein, C50, two doses of 2 microg were required for full protection, while, for type D subunit protein, D50, two 1- microg doses were required. A bivalent vaccine consisting of a mixture of these two proteins also provided protection against both botulinum neurotoxin type C and type D challenge. Antibody levels in serum were determined by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and serum neutralization assays


Subject(s)
Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Botulinum Toxins/immunology , Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Mice , Neutralization Tests , Vaccination , Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
3.
Exp Neurol ; 173(1): 86-94, 2002 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11771941

ABSTRACT

When trimethyltin (TMT) is administered to rats, the plasma corticosterone concentration rises transiently 3 to 4 days later. We examined whether plasma corticosterone plays a causative role in the TMT-induced impairment of the hippocampus as assessed by pathological and behavioral tests. TMT-administered rats were supplementally treated with either adrenalectomy or metyrapone (twice daily for the first 7 days after TMT) in order to permanently deplete or transiently suppress circulating corticosterone. Loss of pyramidal cells in the CA1 and CA3 fields, mossy fiber sprouting, and impairment of spatial memory were observed after TMT intoxication. Adrenalectomy apparently aggravated both the hippocampal damage and the spatial memory impairment induced by TMT treatment. The TMT+metyrapone treatment groups exhibited a significant reduction in pyramidal cells in both the CA1 and the CA3 regions. However, the neuronal damage in CA1 was significantly different between the TMT and the TMT+metyrapone groups. Metyrapone significantly reduced the TMT-induced damage to pyramidal cells in CA1, but not CA3, and it also abolished mossy fiber sprouting. TMT-induced learning impairment and hyperactivity were alleviated by metyrapone treatment. It is thus concluded that both the high levels of corticosterone induced by TMT and the pathologically low levels of corticosterone induced by adrenalectomy will worsen the consequences of TMT.


Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Corticosterone/blood , Hippocampus/drug effects , Memory Disorders/chemically induced , Trimethyltin Compounds/toxicity , Adrenalectomy , Animals , Cell Count , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hippocampus/pathology , Hippocampus/physiopathology , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Memory Disorders/physiopathology , Metyrapone/pharmacology , Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal/drug effects , Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal/pathology , Motor Activity/drug effects , Pyramidal Cells/drug effects , Pyramidal Cells/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
4.
Am J Vet Res ; 60(2): 240-4, 1999 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10048559

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate immunostimulating activity of purified rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) C-reactive protein (CRP) on trout phagocytic cells. ANIMALS: 20 rainbow trout and 2 rabbits. PROCEDURE: The effect of CRP on phagocytic activity of head kidney (HK) cells was examined by use of a phagocytosis assay with plastic particles. The enhancing effect of CRP on migration activity of HK cells was examined by use of the blind well assay. RESULTS: Glass-adherent cells from clinically normal trout had increased dose-dependent phagocytic activity against plastic particles when cells were incubated in the presence of CRP. Pretreatment of particles with CRP also enhanced phagocytic activity of the cells, indicating an opsonic effect of CRP. Rabbit anti-trout CRP serum suppressed the enhancing activity of CRP. The HK cells had significant dose-dependent chemokinetic activity against CRP that was not inhibited by anti-CRP serum, indicating that a CRP-antibody complex also could be chemokinetic. CONCLUSIONS: Rainbow trout CRP has immunostimulating activity for HK cells, resulting in enhanced phagocytic and chemokinetic activities.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein/immunology , Oncorhynchus mykiss/immunology , Phagocytes/physiology , Phagocytosis/physiology , Animals , C-Reactive Protein/isolation & purification , Cell Movement/immunology , Cell Movement/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Chromatography, Ion Exchange/veterinary , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/veterinary , Immune Sera/biosynthesis , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Kidney/cytology , Microspheres , Opsonin Proteins/chemistry , Opsonin Proteins/immunology , Rabbits , Sequence Analysis
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