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1.
BMC Geriatr ; 24(1): 798, 2024 Sep 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39350081

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: In recent years, the need for a more appropriate prescription of medications in the older population has emerged as a significant public health concern. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in hospitalized adults aged ≥ 75. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive observational study of patients at 16 hospitals in Spain. The study population included inpatients aged ≥ 75 admitted during a 7-day period (May 10 to 16, 2021). Data were obtained from the pharmacy databases of the participating hospitals. The list of PIMs was based on the Beers, STOPP-START, EU-PIM and PRISCUS criteria. RESULTS: A total of 4,183 patients were included. PIMs were detected in 23.5% (N = 1,126) of the cohort. The prevalence rates at the participating hospitals ranged from 10% to 42.5%. The PIM/patient ratio was 1.2. The most common PIMs were midazolam, dexketoprofen, diazepam, and doxazosin, all of which (except for doxazosin) were more common in women. Benzodiazepines accounted for 70% of all PIMs. In 35% of cases, the PIMs were initiated before hospital admission. Of the 818 PIMs initiated during hospitalization, the two most common were benzodiazepines (49%) and anti-inflammatory drugs (25%). At discharge, only 4.9% of the PIMs initiated during the hospital stay were still prescribed. CONCLUSION: In this population of older hospitalized patients, the overall prevalence of PIMs was moderate. However, the prevalence rate at the participating hospitals was highly variable. In most cases, PIMs prescribed prior to hospitalization for chronic conditions were not withdrawn during the hospital stay. No significant increase in PIMs was observed from pre-admission to post-discharge. These findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary interventions to optimize the pharmaceutical treatment in older adults in the hospital setting to reduce the consequences of PIMs in patients.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization , Inappropriate Prescribing , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List , Humans , Spain/epidemiology , Aged , Female , Male , Retrospective Studies , Aged, 80 and over , Hospitalization/trends , Prevalence , Inappropriate Prescribing/trends , Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data , Drug Prescriptions
2.
Phys Rev E ; 109(3-1): 034405, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38632789

ABSTRACT

A harmonically trapped active Brownian particle exhibits two types of positional distributions-one has a single peak and the other has a single well-that signify steady-state dynamics with low and high activity, respectively. Adding inertia to the translational motion preserves this strict classification of either single-peak or single-well densities but shifts the dividing boundary between the states in the parameter space. We characterize this shift for the dynamics in one spatial dimension using the static Fokker-Planck equation for the full joint distribution of the state space. We derive local results analytically with a perturbation method for a small rotational velocity and then extend them globally with a numerical approach.

3.
J Clin Periodontol ; 50(9): 1176-1187, 2023 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37246304

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate the differences between the subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects (HS) and periodontitis patients (PP) from four different countries through a metagenomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subgingival samples were obtained from subjects from four different countries. Microbial composition was analysed through high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The country of origin, diagnosis and clinical and demographic variables of the subjects were used to analyse the microbial profiles. RESULTS: In total, 506 subgingival samples were analysed: 196 from HS and 310 from patients with periodontitis. Differences in richness, diversity and microbial composition were observed when comparing samples pertaining to different countries of origin and different subject diagnoses. Clinical variables, such as bleeding on probing, did not significantly affect the bacterial composition of the samples. A highly conserved core of microbiota associated with periodontitis was detected, while the microbiota associated with periodontally HS was much more diverse. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal diagnosis of the subjects was the main variable explaining the composition of the microbiota in the subgingival niche. Nevertheless, the country of origin also had a significant impact on the microbiota and is therefore an important factor to consider when describing subgingival bacterial communities.


Subject(s)
Dental Plaque , Microbiota , Periodontitis , Humans , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Genes, rRNA , Healthy Volunteers , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Periodontitis/microbiology , Bacteria/genetics , Microbiota/genetics
4.
Curr Psychol ; : 1-11, 2021 Dec 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34876799

ABSTRACT

The traumatic subjective distress and personal meaning in life were examined in the context of the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic sanitary crisis and home lockdown. METHOD: A total of 543 participants answered an online survey that included questions about the individual characteristics of the pandemic experience, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Personal Meaning Profile-Brief. RESULTS: Nearly all of life impaired areas, having the suspicion of being ill with COVID-19, having lost a close person to this virus, and having been accompanied during the lockdown were experiences associated with higher PTSD symptoms. Posttraumatic symptomatology was inversely correlated with areas of meaning in life. Lastly, a higher number of affected areas and a negative subjective lockdown circumstance explained greater total PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSION: Specific pandemic experiences and lockdown circumstances affected the presence of posttraumatic symptoms. The personal meaning of life seems to be involved in the process of less adverse traumatic consequences.

5.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 41(1): 69-79, ene.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139324

ABSTRACT

Abstract Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is one of the surgical procedures carried out satisfactorily in procedures for osteoarthritis and trauma lesions. ATC surgery reduces pain and improves the quality of life of young patients. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve the properties of hip implants, since current implants do not match their lifespan with the life expectancy of a young patient. This is because the solid prostheses that currently exist have a higher Young's modulus, and therefore are too rigid compared to the bone tissue. On the other hand, the cyclic and continuous loads to which the hip joint is subjected in daily activities, can cause loosening and consequent implant loss The present work proposes an implant manufactured with a porous lattice structure, which aims to reduce stiffness, allow bone growth and a more effective mechanical load transfer. Three computational models subjected to static charges were evaluated and compared: 1) healthy femur, 2) implanted femur with a commercial prosthesis, and 3) implanted femur with a prosthesis with lattice structure. For the computational analysis it was decided to perform a static analysis of a person standing on the left foot; a load equivalent to the body weight was applied on the head of the femur, balancing the reaction forces in the system of forces (contact force, body weight, and abductor muscle).. The results were shown in terms of displacement, compression and deformation. The model implanted with a prosthesis with a lattice design presented a slight decrease in displacement, and a decrease in compression and deformation values, which indicated that the proposed design has a better distribution and transport of the loads through its structure.


Resumen La artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) es uno de los tratamientos quirúrgicos llevados a cabo de manera satisfactoria en procedimientos para la osteoartritis y lesiones de trauma. La ATC reduce el dolor y mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Por lo tanto, es de gran importancia mejorar las propiedades de los implantes de cadera, ya que los implantes actuales tienen un tiempo de vida útil y deben cumplir con las expectativas de rehabilitación para los pacientes. Esto se debe a que las prótesis sólidas que existen actualmente tienen un módulo de Young más elevado, y por lo tanto son demasiado rígidas a comparación del tejido óseo. Por otro lado, las cargas cíclicas y continuas a las que se ve sometida la articulación de la cadera en actividades diarias, pueden ser causa del aflojamiento y consecuente pérdida del implante. El presente trabajo propone un implante fabricado con una estructura porosa tipo látice, el cual tiene como objetivos reducir la rigidez, permitir crecimiento óseo y una transferencia de cargas mecánicas más efectiva. Se evaluaron y compararon tres modelos computacionales sometidos a cargas estáticas: 1) fémur sano, 2) fémur implantado con una prótesis comercial, y 3) fémur implantado con una prótesis con estructura látice. Para el modelo computacional se optó por hacer un análisis estático de una persona parada sobre el pie izquierdo; donde se aplicó una carga equivalente del peso corporal sobre la cabeza del fémur, equilibrando las fuerzas de reacción en el sistema de fuerzas (fuerza de contacto, peso corporal, y músculo abductor). Los resultados fueron mostrados en términos de desplazamiento, compresión y deformación. El modelo implantado con una prótesis con un diseño tipo látice presentó una ligera disminución de desplazamiento, y disminución en los valores de compresión y deformación, lo que indicó que el diseño propuesto posee una mejor distribución y transporte de las cargas a través de su estructura.

6.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 41(1): 117-127, ene.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139328

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las amputaciones de extremidades superiores pueden producir diversos grados de incapacidad en la persona afectada, esto es exacerbado aún más, si se presenta durante un periodo de su vida laboral activa, por esta razón es de importancia social el estudio de las prótesis y algoritmos que ayuden a un mejor control de estas por parte del usuario. En esta investigación, se propone una arquitectura basada en redes neuronales recurrentes del tipo Long Short-Term Memory y redes convolucionales para la clasificación de señales electromiográficas, con aplicaciones para control de prótesis de mano. La red propuesta clasifica tres tipos de agarres realizados con la mano: cilíndrico, esférico y de gancho. El modelo propuesto al ser evaluado mostró una eficiencia (accuracy) del 89 %, en contraste con una red neuronal artificial basada en capas completamente conectadas que solo obtuvo una eficiencia del 80% en la predicción de los agarres. El presente trabajo se limita solamente a evaluar la red ante una entrada de electromiograma y no se implementó un sistema de control para la prótesis de la mano. Así, una arquitectura de redes convolucionales para el control de prótesis de mano que pueden ser entrenadas con las señales del sujeto.


Abstract Upper extremities amputations can produce different disability degrees in the amputated person, this is acerbated even more, when it happens during active working life. So, for this reason, it is of social importance the study of prostheses and algorithms that help a better control of these by the user. In this research, we propose an architecture based on recurrent neural networks, called Long Short-Term Memory, and convolutional neural networks for classification of electromyographic signals, with applications for hand prosthesis control. The proposed network classifies three types of movements made by the hand: cylindrical, spherical and hook grips. The proposed model showed an efficiency (accuracy) of 89%, in contrast to an artificial neural network based on completely connected layers that only obtained an efficiency of 80% in the prediction of the hand movements. The present work is limited to evaluate the network with an electromyogram input, the control system for hand prosthesis was not implemented. Thus, an architecture of convolutional networks for the control of hand prostheses that can be trained with the signals of the subject.

7.
Sex Health ; 17(1): 22-28, 2020 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31969247

ABSTRACT

Background The aim of this study was to analyse ideas regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV among groups of men who have sex with men in Mexico for future implementation in health services. METHODS: During 2015, 54 people participated in four focus groups in three Mexican cities. Issues related to challenges for uses and limitations of PrEP were explored. RESULTS: In contrast with other qualitative studies, which emphasised problems with relationships with other people for PrEP use or access to key populations, Mexican participants focused their concerns around the public health services organisation: PrEP is too expensive and the health services have no resources, which will affect services and result in discrimination. Participants identified possible stigmatisation related to prejudices of medical providers who do not approve the decreased use of condoms. As a potential solution, participants suggested that the Mexican Government could negotiate a lower cost for PrEP and public health services could provide the medication, with periodical review of the arrangements by civil organisations. CONCLUSION: In the current context of the new Mexican government, it is necessary to propose public politics focused on negotiating with pharmaceutical companies on the costs of the PrEP, coordinating public services with groups within civil society and strengthening policies and actions to reduce stigma and discrimination.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Homosexuality, Male/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis , Adult , Focus Groups , Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Mexico , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Young Adult
8.
Public Health ; 156: 140-146, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29428577

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Health policies in Latin America are centered on the democratization of health. Since 2003, during the last generation of reforms, health systems in this region have promoted governance strategies for better agreements between governments, institutions, and civil society. In this context, we develop an evaluative research to identify trends and evidence of governance after health care reforms in six regions of Mexico. METHODS: Evaluative research was developed with a retrospective design based on qualitative analysis. Primary data were obtained from 189 semi-structured interviews with purposively selected health care professionals and key informants. Secondary data were extracted from a selection of 95 official documents on results of the reform project at the national level, national health policies, and lines of action for good governance. Data processing and analysis were performed using ATLAS.ti and PolicyMaker. RESULTS: A list of main strengths and weaknesses is presented as evidence of health system governance. Accountability at the federal level remains prescriptive; in the regions, a system of accountability and transparency in the allocation of resources and in terms of health democratization strategies is still absent. CONCLUSION: Social protection and decentralization schemes are strategies that have allowed for improvements with a proactive role of users and civil society. Regarding challenges, there are still low levels of governance and difficulties in the effective conduct of programs and reform strategies together with a lack of precision in the rules and roles of the different actors of the health system.


Subject(s)
Government , Health Care Reform , Politics , Humans , Latin America , Mexico , Qualitative Research , Retrospective Studies
11.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis;18(1): 109-115, 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-618197

ABSTRACT

Structural characteristics of discharged and undischarged nematocysts from the hydrozoans Millepora alcicornis and Millepora complanata, two fire corals collected in the Mexican Caribbean, were examined using transmission electron, scanning and light microscopy. In this study, we report for the first time images of the nematocysts found in these Mexican Caribbean venomous species. Two types of nematocysts were observed in both species, the more abundant identified as macrobasic mastigophore and the other a stenotele type. Macrobasic mastigophores were present in medium and large size classes while stenoteles appeared in only one size.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cnidarian Venoms , Hydrozoa , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods
13.
Clin Med Oncol ; 2: 437-9, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21892313

ABSTRACT

Hematogones are normal B-lymphoid precursors that multiply in the bone marrow of small children and of adults with ferropenic anaemia, neuroblastoma or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. They are not normally found in peripheral blood, and the immunophenotype is virtually indistinguishable from that of B lymphoblasts. We discuss the case of a 3-month infant with an active cytomegalovirus infection, with hepatitis and pancytopenia associated with 13% hematogones in the bone marrow.

16.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 65(2): 97-104, ago. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-418356

ABSTRACT

El diagnóstico del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) se realiza con el polisomnograma de sueño, examen de considerable costo económico para el paciente. Se han diseñado algunas herramientas, como el score de Epworth, con el fin de predecir si un paciente tiene o no un SAOS. Se pretende investigar si existen diferencias entre pacientes roncadores y pacientes con SAOS que permitan al clínico establecer el diagnóstico y severidad del SAOS con mayor certeza previo al polisomnograma de sueño. Además, evaluar el valor predictivo del score de Epworth. Para ello se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo de fichas clínicas y polisomnogramas de sueño en 220 pacientes roncadores. El presente estudio encontró que la edad fue el único parámetro distinto estadísticamente significativo entre roncadores y SAOS, siendo estos últimos poseedores de una mayor edad. No hubo diferencias en patologías asociadas, consumo de medicamentos, score de Epworth, examen otorrinolaringológico e índice de masa corporal (IMC). En pacientes con SAOS se observó que, a mayor IMC existía un mayor nivel de desaturación de oxígeno nocturno. El score de Epworth tuvo un valor predictivo positivo (VPP) de 88,4 por ciento, y un valor predictivo negativo (VPN) de 20 por ciento. Se concluye que no es posible predecir clínicamente si un paciente es portador de un SAOS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Polysomnography , Snoring/diagnosis , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Diagnosis, Differential , Age Factors , Risk Factors , Tranquilizing Agents/adverse effects , Predictive Value of Tests , Body Mass Index , Severity of Illness Index
17.
Public Health ; 119(8): 711-20, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15885723

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the costs of health services and the financial consequences of changes in the epidemiological profile of chronic diseases in Latin America. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted longitudinal analyses of costs and of the economic impact of the epidemiological transition in healthcare services for diabetes and hypertension in the Mexican health system. The study population included both the insured and uninsured populations. METHODS: The cost-evaluation method was based on the instrumentation and consensus techniques. To estimate the epidemiological changes and financial consequences for 2004-2006, six models were constructed according to the Box-Jenkins technique, using confidence intervals of 95% and the Box-Pierce test. FINDINGS: Costs ranged from US$613 to US$887 for diabetes, and from US$485 to US$622 for hypertension. Regarding epidemiological changes for 2004 compared with 2006, an increase is expected in both cases, although results predict a greater increase for diabetes, 10-15% in all three institutions (P<0.05). Comparing the financial consequences of health services required by insured and uninsured populations, the greater increase (17%) will be for the insured population (P<0.05). The financial requirements for both diseases will amount to 9.5% of the total budget for the uninsured population and 13.5% for the insured population. CONCLUSIONS: If the risk factors and the different healthcare models remain as they are at present, the economic impact of expected epidemiological changes on the social security system will be particularly strong. Another relevant financial factor is the appearance of internal competition in the use and allocation of financial resources among the main providers in the health services; this factor becomes even more complicated within each provider. In effect, within each institution, hypertension and diabetes programmes must compete for resources with other programmes for chronic and infectious diseases.


Subject(s)
Case Management/economics , Diabetes Mellitus/economics , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Health Care Costs , Hypertension/economics , Hypertension/epidemiology , Costs and Cost Analysis , Humans , Latin America/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Mexico/epidemiology
18.
Public Health ; 119(2): 150-2, 2005 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15694962

ABSTRACT

An evaluative study with a cross-sectional design was carried out on healthcare cost indicators reported by the 2000 National Health Survey in Mexico, to determine which population group had higher health costs/expenditures in relation to family income. The results suggest that in middle-income countries such as Mexico, families with lower incomes tend to pay more for healthcare services.


Subject(s)
Financing, Personal/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Income/classification , Private Sector/economics , Public Sector/economics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Developed Countries/economics , Health Care Surveys , Health Services Accessibility/economics , Humans , Mexico , Socioeconomic Factors , Transportation/economics
19.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 64(3): 199-206, dic. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-409748

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de von Willebrand (EVW) es la coagulopatía más frecuente en niños. Una de las principales complicaciones de la adenoamigdalectomía es la hemorragia. Debido a su patología de base, representan un gran desafío aquellos pacientes con EVW a quienes se efectúa esta cirugía. Desde hace algunos años, se utiliza desmopresina (DDAVP) para el manejo de esta patología. Se estudiaron restrospectivamente 15 pacientes pediátricos portadores de EVW tipo I, adenoamigdalectomizados en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Todos fueron hospitalizados y, previa medición del Factor VIII plasmático, se les proporcionó DDAVP. Una hora después de iniciada la infusión, se controló este factor. Si se incrementaba en 50 por ciento del valor basal, la cirugía se efectuaba sin aporte de hemoderivados; de lo contrario, se indicaba crioprecipitado. En ambos casos se utilizó ácido tranexámico como coadyuvante.La respuesta a DDAVP fue positiva en 13 pacientes (87 por ciento). En los 2 pacientes en quienes ésta no se observó se les suministró crioprecipitado. Todo el grupo estudiado evolucionó satisfactoriamente. No fue necesario utilizar crioprecipitado de apoyo o cirugías de revisión. Se concluye que DDAVP evita el uso de hemoderivados en la mayoría de los pacientes con EVW tipo I sometidos a adenoamigdalectomía, no posee efectos adversos relevantes y no aumenta los costos de la cirugía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant , Child , Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/therapeutic use , von Willebrand Diseases/drug therapy , Factor VIII/analysis , Chile , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Hemorrhage , Tonsillectomy
20.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 64(3): 223-229, dic. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-409751

ABSTRACT

Los tumores amigdalinos abarcan una diversidad de lesiones, tanto neoplásicas como inflamatorias. En pacientes adultos, las neoplasias corresponden principalmente a patología maligna, en su mayoría carcinoma epidermoide. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes portadores de tumor amigdalino, y analizar los principales hallazgos histopatológicos de los diferentes tipos tumorales. Se efectúa un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de pacientes adultos evaluados por tumor amigdalino en el Hóspital Dr. Sotero del Río entre los años 1998 y 2004. Se analizaron las fichas de 19 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 50 años, con un ligero predominio del sexo masculino. Un 57,9 por ciento de los pacientes refería odinofagia y todos presentaban, al examen físico, una asimetría amigdalina. El hallazgo histopatológico más frecuente fue el carcinoma epidermoide (31,6 por ciento), seguido por la hiperplasia folicular y parafolicular (26,3 por ciento), linfomas (10,5 por ciento) y papilomas (10,5 por ciento).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tonsillar Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Retrospective Studies
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