Tarsal ectropion repair and lower blepharoplasty: A case report and review of literature.

Ectropion is frequently encountered in plastic surgery. A variety of etiologies exist, but tarsal ectropion, defined as complete eversion of the tarsal plate and its overlying conjunctiva, is rarely considered. First described in 1960 by Fox, this variant was initially attributed to pre-septal orbicularis oculi spasm or tarsoligamentous relaxation. However, subsequent investigators determined that the true etiology involved lower lid retractor disinsertion on the tarsal plate. We present a case of chronic right lower lid ectropion in a 66-year-old male. Through understanding of eyelid anatomy, especially that of the lower eyelid retractors, tarsal ectropion was correctly identified in our patient preoperatively. A repair including correction of retractor disinsertion on the tarsus was planned, and given our patient's degree of lower lid delamination and mobilization, we also proceeded with bilateral lower lid blepharoplasty with canthal and lower lid soft tissue support. Ultimately, we were able to achieve an improved aesthetic appearance for our patient, along with resolution of his symptoms.

Supernumerary teeth--an overview of classification, diagnosis and management.

Most supernumerary teeth are located in the anterior maxillary region. They are classified according to their form and location. Their presence may give rise to a variety of clinical problems. Detection of supernumerary teeth is best achieved by thorough clinical and radiographic examination. Their management should form part of a comprehensive treatment plan. This article presents an overview of the clinical problems associated with supernumerary teeth and includes a discussion of the classification, diagnosis and management of this difficult clinical entity.

Donor site morbidity of the anterior iliac crest following cancellous bone harvest.

Anterior iliac crest donor site morbidity was analysed retrospectively at 154 sites in 137 patients who had undergone secondary bone grafting of the cleft alveolus. The applied surgical anatomy and operative technique utilizing a medially based osteoplastic flap are described. The results show a low incidence of donor site morbidity.

Oral surgery at St. Mary's Hospital, Chapelizod. A quarter century experience of day-case oral surgery.

To mark the first quarter century of the existence of the Oral Surgery unit at St. Mary's Hospital, Chapelizod, an audit was undertaken. Twenty-nine thousand, three hundred and seventy-four (29,374) entries in the operations register were analysed, examining annual totals, categories of operation, the changing patterns of anaesthesia, including cancellations on the day, and the evolution of a true day-case service. The results showed a decline in total numbers and in some operation categories. The most striking reductions were in extractions of carious teeth and in preprosthetic surgery. The most marked increase was in surgery for impacted teeth. While general anaesthesia remains the most commonly used form of anaesthesia, there has been an increased utilisation of sedation. Since the earlier years the number of patients requiring admission post-operatively has steadily decreased but more patients have been cancelled on the day of operation. Most of the changes described reflect the influence of health care economics and the effects of fluoridation.

The use of two-dimensional CT reconstruction to demonstrate a vertical fracture of the condylar head.

A case of vertical fracture of the condylar head is described. The history, investigation and treatment is outlined with emphasis on the use of two-dimensional CT reconstruction to demonstrate the fracture.