Subject(s)
Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Fresh Water/virology , Water Microbiology , Animals , Base Sequence , Chlorocebus aethiops , DNA Primers , Enterovirus/genetics , Enterovirus/growth & development , Italy , Molecular Sequence Data , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Sensitivity and Specificity , Vero Cells , Virus CultivationSubject(s)
Environmental Exposure/analysis , Solvents/analysis , Tetrachloroethylene/analysis , Trichloroethylene/analysis , Absorption , Biomarkers/analysis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Solvents/pharmacokinetics , Tetrachloroethylene/pharmacokinetics , Trichloroethylene/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Some volatile halogenated hydrocarbons have been found in commercial large volume parenterals (LVPs) prepared from untreated or treated (disinfected) water. To monitor the presence of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in the source water and also in the water for injections, a low cost and sufficiently simple procedure has been developed, specifically for the following components: 1,1,1 trichloroethane, 1,1,2 trichloroethylene, 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichlorobromomethane and dibromochloromethane. A Head-space technique coupled with ECD-gaschromatography was used. The procedure is thoroughly discussed in the article, including the results of a ring test for a preliminary validation of this method.
Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/analysis , Water/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Drug Contamination , Infusions, ParenteralABSTRACT
After a two-level selection, 141 blood donors living in Milan, Italy, were analyzed for their content of plasma and urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol (TCE). Environmental levels of exposure to trichloroethylene (TRI) and tetrachloroethylene (PER) through drinking water and air were also measured. The plasma TCA levels were in the range of previously found concentrations. Relationships among plasma and urinary metabolites were found and discussed.