Congenital Hepatic Cyst in Patients With Patau Syndrome: A Rare Clinical Finding.

Trisomy 13 (T13), frequently referred to as Patau syndrome, is a rare autosomal aneuploidy most commonly due to nondisjunction in meiosis. Frequently seen characteristics include cleft lip, cleft palate, cerebral defects, anophthalmia, and polydactyly among many more. We report a rare case of a newborn female with T13, demonstrating several known anomalies associated with the syndrome and an associated large congenital hepatic cyst, exhibiting a significant mass effect on vital organs. Based on a literature review conducted in August 2023, we found no previous documentation of a congenital hepatic cyst reported with T13.

Effect of a dedicated PI-QUAL curriculum on the assessment of prostate MRI quality.

PURPOSE: The Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score is a metric to evaluate the diagnostic quality of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate. This study evaluated the impact of a prostate MRI quality training lecture on the participant's ability to assess prostate MRI image quality. METHODS: Eighteen in-training-radiologists of varying experience in reviewing diagnostic prostate MRI assessed the image quality of ten examinations. Then, they attended a dedicated lecture on MRI quality assessment using the PI-QUAL score. After the lecture, the same participants evaluated the image quality of a new set of ten scans applying the PI-QUAL score. Results were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The reference standard was the PI-QUAL score assessed by a fellowship trained abdominal radiologist with experience in reading prostate MRI. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the average area under the curve (AUC) for assessment of prostate MRI image quality from baseline (0.82; [0.576 - 0.888]) to post teaching (1.0; [0.954-1]), with an improvement of 0.18 (p < 0.03). When ROC curves were computed for different cohorts stratified based on year of training, difference ranged from 0.48 for second year residents to 0.32 for fourth year residents (p < 0.001-0.01). For abdominal imaging fellows, the pre-teaching AUC was 0.9 [0.557-1] and post teaching AUC was 1 [0.957-1], a difference of 0.1 (p = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: A dedicated lecture on PI-QUAL improved the ability of radiologists-in-training to assess prostate MRI image quality, with variable impact depending on year of training.

Hearing impairment among chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis at a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health challenge, globally. Inadequate excretion of metabolic waste products by the kidneys results in circulation of these toxic materials in the body. This can cause damage to tissues and organ systems including the auditory system which can lead to hearing loss. AIM: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence, degrees and types of hearing impairment among Chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis in Ghana. METHODS: A case-control study involving 50 Chronic Kidney disease patients and 50 age and gender-matched control group was carried out at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain basic socio-demographic data and case history of the participants. Audiological assessment was performed using a test battery comprising otoscopy, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry in a soundproof booth. RESULTS: Higher hearing thresholds were recorded across all the frequencies tested among the case group than the control group (p < 0.05) in both ears. Only sensorineural hearing loss was identified among the cases. The prevalence of hearing loss was 32% among the case group and 12% among the control group. No significant association was observed between hearing loss and duration of Chronic kidney disease (p = 0.16), gender of Chronic kidney disease patient and hearing loss (p = 0.88), and duration of Chronic kidney disease and degree of hearing loss (p=0.31). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that Chronic Kidney disease patients on haemodialysis are at higher risk of experiencing hearing loss. FUNDING: None declared.

Plastic Sheath Fragment Within Renal Pelvis: An Unusual and Rare Complication of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the treatment of choice for the management of large renal stones. This technique enjoys a high success rate with minimal complications being reported. Case Presentation: We present a 54-year-old female who underwent a PCNL procedure on her right kidney and returned several months later with anxiety regarding vague left flank discomfort. Radiographic imaging done to assuage the patient's concerns surprisingly demonstrated a hyperdense curvilinear object in the interpolar calix of the right kidney. After an uneffective ureteroscopic extraction approach in the operating room, interventional radiology was consulted for foreign body extraction through a percutaneous access approach. Conclusion: This is the only known case in the literature to report a plastic sheath fragment as a foreign body in the renal collecting system after PCNL. We attempted to offer possible hypotheses for the source of this foreign body. The authors also emphasize the need for attentiveness during surgical procedures to monitor and identify integrity flaws that may exist in the instruments and ancillaries used.

Factors affecting dental diseases presenting at the University of Ghana Hospital.

Dental diseases are common in man and range from a toothache to cancers of the head and neck. Dental conditions can affect our capacity to function effectively in areas such as smiling, chewing and speaking. The objective of this study was to describe the main types of dental conditions presenting at the University Hospital between January 2006 and December 2011 and to determine factors associated with the top five diagnosed conditions as well as the acute and chronic conditions. A retrospective review of all 5012 clinical records of dental patients visiting the dental unit within the period stated was carried out. A total of 4196 records which passed the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analysed. Most of the patients who presented were adults. The top 5 dental conditions were apical periodontitis (50.4 %), reversible pulpitis (23.3 %), Gingivitis (11.4 %), Periodontitis (6.2 %) and Halitosis/bad breadth (8.8 %). The top 5 conditions constituted over 75 % of the cases seen. About 84 % of the presentation was acute whilst 16 % was chronic. For the entire dataset and also the top five conditions, approximately 53.0 % were males and 47.0 %. Males outnumbered females on all occasions except for halitosis and most patients presented within 1 month of experiencing symptoms of dental disease. Some significant association was found between the presence of multiple chronic conditions and reversible/irreversible pulpitis. The main dental conditions presenting at the University Hospital during the stated period (i.e. between January 2006 and December 2011) were: apical periodontitis (50.4 %), reversible pulpitis (23.3 %), gingivitis (11.4 %), periodontitis (6.2 %) and halitosis/bad breadth (8.8 %).