Insights into the Chemical Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Extracted from Bamboo by Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and six organic acids as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) were used to extract lignin from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.). The structures of the DES-extracted lignin samples were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to investigate the relationship between the chemical structure of lignin and its antioxidant activity. The results showed that DES treatment removed a large portion of the lignin (73.37-86.38%) from bamboo, and the chemical structure of lignin was changed due to the use of different types of HBDs. The extracted lignin exhibited good UV-vis light shielding properties, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the total phenolic hydroxyl content of lignins was positively correlated with their antioxidant activity, while the molecular weight of lignins was negatively correlated with their antioxidant activity. Notably, lignin extracted with choline chloride-p-toluenesulfonic acid had the highest phenolic hydroxyl content and lower molecular weight, showing the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 DPPH = 417.69 µg/mL, IC50 ABTS = 58.62 µg/mL). This study confirms the high thermal stability, excellent antioxidant activity, and UV shielding properties of lignin extracted with choline chloride-organic acid DESs, suggesting its potential application in the fields of antioxidants and material modifiers.

Synthesis of Dimethyl Hexane-1,6-dicarbamate with Methyl Carbamate as Carbonyl Source over MCM-41 Catalyst.

Dimethyl hexane-1,6-dicarbamate (HDC), the vital intermediate for nonphosgene production of hexamethylene-diisocyanate (HDI), was effectively synthesized via carbonylation of 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA) using methyl carbamate (MC) as a carbonyl source over a silanol-rich MCM-41 catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions, including the reaction temperature, molar ratio of raw materials, methanol dosage, catalyst dosage, and reaction time, on the HDC yield were evaluated. Under the reaction conditions with a reaction temperature of 190 °C, a molar ratio of HDA, MC, and methanol of 1:6:50, a catalyst dosage of 10 wt %, and a reaction time of 3 h, the yield of HDC can reach as high as 92.6% with 100% HDA converted. Characterizations based on N2 physical adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR indicated that the abundance of silanol groups on the surface of MCM-41 probably resulted in the good performance of MCM-41. After five cycles of MCM-41, the HDC yield decreased from 92.6 to 67.9%, probably due to the loss of surface silanol groups and the carbon deposition on the catalyst as well as the particle agglomeration. The study on the substrate scope suggested that MCM-41 shows good-to-excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of a variety of aliphatic and alicyclic dicarbamates.

Xiao-Er-Kang-Du capsules regulate autophagy against the influenza B virus (Victoria strain) through the mTOR/ULK1/Beclin1/VPS34 pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xiao-er-kang-du (XEKD) capsule is a Chinese herbal formula used for treatment of upper respiratory tract infection caused by various viruses in pediatric patients in China. XEKD is used clinically for the treatment of influenza-like symptoms, including fever, chills, cough, stuffy and runny nose, headache, and sore throat, with remarkable efficacy. However, the pharmacologic mechanism of XEKD against influenza B virus (IBV) infection is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: The main purpose of the present work is to explore the curative effect as well as possible mechanisms of XEKD against influenza B virus (IBV) (Victoria strain). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to confirm the antiviral properties of XEKD. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the active components and assess the stability of XEKD. In addition, the mechanism of action of XEKD against IBV (Victoria) was investigated by western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analyses, in addition to confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: The findings revealed that XEKD demonstrated antiviral effects against IBV infection in both in vivo and in vitro via the mTOR/ULK1/Beclin1/VPS34 pathway and promote cellular autophagy to mitigate IBV-induced lung tissue damage. The results of this work are expected to lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying the effect of the XEKD capsule against IBV infections. CONCLUSIONS: IBV infection was found to inhibit autophagy, which exacerbated inflammatory damage. XEKD regulates autophagy through the mTOR/ULK1/Beclin1/VPS34 pathway and exerts antiviral effects, thereby laying a foundation for further development of XEKD as a potential therapeutic against IBV infection.

Apocarotenoids from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa and their anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity.

Six undescribed compounds (1-6) and twenty-three known analogues (7-29) were isolated from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. The structures of the compounds (1-29) were established through the application of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 18, 21, 22, 25, and 28 exhibited excellent anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity. The potential mechanistic pathway of 3 was also investigated, whose results indicate that compound 3 ameliorate TGF-ß1 induced BEAS-2B cell injury via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Summary Analysis of National Surveillance on Kashin-Beck Disease from 1990 to 2023.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic situation of children with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in China, and provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods: Fixed-point monitoring, moving-point monitoring, and full coverage of monitoring were promoted successively from 1990 to 2023. Some children (7-12 years old) underwent clinical and right-hand X-ray examinations every year. According to the KBD diagnosis criteria, clinical and X-ray assessments were used to confirm the diagnosis. Results: In 1990, the national KBD detectable rate was 21.01%. X-ray detection decreased to below 10% in 2003 and below 5% in 2007. Between 2010 and 2018, the prevalence of KBD in children was less than 0.4%, which fluctuated at a low level, and has decreased to 0% since 2019. Spatial epidemiological analysis indicated a spatial clustering of adult patients prevalence rate in the KBD areas. Conclusion: The evaluation results of the elimination of KBD in China over the last 5 years showed that all villages in the monitored areas have reached the elimination standard. While the adult KBD patients still need for policy consideration and care.

Synergistic Degradation of Methylene Blue by Hydrodynamic Cavitation Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide/Vitamin C System.

In this study, a new combined process of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and a hydrogen peroxide/vitamin C (H2O2/Vc) system was proposed for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater. An impact-jet hydraulic cavitator was used as the cavitation generation equipment, and H2O2/Vc was selected as a homogeneous oxidation system. The degradation characteristics of MB were investigated. The results showed that the degradation effect of HC in combination with the H2O2/Vc system was more effective than that of the individual HC or H2O2/Vc system. A maximum degradation rate of 87.8% was achieved under the following conditions: H2O2 concentration of 0.03 mol/L, Vc concentration of 0.021 mol/L, inlet pressure of 0.3 MPa, initial solution concentration of 4 µmol/L, solution volume of 150 mL, and reaction time of 10 min. The synergy index was 1.615, indicating a synergistic effect between the HC and H2O2/Vc system. The data of the hydroxyl radical (·OH) yield under the conditions of HC, the H2O2/Vc system, and the HC + H2O2/Vc system were fitted and analyzed. A correlation equation for ·OH yield was established, further revealing the synergistic mechanism of the HC and H2O2/Vc system. The intermediate products of MB degradation were detected based on LC-MS, and three possible degradation pathways of MB degradation were proposed. The combined process of HC and H2O2/Vc systems exhibited relatively low energy efficiency and operating cost, indicating that it was in line with the development direction of wastewater treatment.

Nursing Work Engagement, Professional Quality of Life, and Intent to Leave: A Structural Equation Modeling Pathway Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Work engagement, professional quality of life (ProQOL), and intent to leave (ITL) significantly impact organizational behaviors and outcomes. Understanding the complex interrelationships among nurse work engagement, ProQOL, and ITL is essential for improving nurse retention, job satisfaction, and patient outcomes. In previous investigations, work engagement, ProQOL, and ITL relationships have primarily been analyzed individually. A more integrated approach is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of these factors in the nursing profession. PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the interrelationships among work engagement, ProQOL (compassion satisfaction [CS], burnout, and secondary traumatic stress [STS]), and ITL in nurses using structural equation modeling path analysis. METHODS: This was a quantitative descriptive study. Data were collected from registered nurses in the United States (n = 900) using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the ProQOL-5 (CS, burnout, and STS), and a demographics datasheet (including a one-item ITL question). The proposed theoretical model, incorporating major constructs, was tested using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Level of work engagement in nurses impacts ITL through ProQOL. Among the mediating variables, burnout (0.31) had the largest total effect on ITL, followed by STS (0.12) and CS (-0.12). Burnout and STS were found to correlate with ITL directly, whereas CS was found to correlate with ITL indirectly. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting work engagement, addressing burnout and STS, and fostering CS can positively influence nurse retention and job satisfaction, ultimately improving patient care quality. Healthcare leaders and policymakers should implement strategies to enhance nurse engagement, reduce burnout, and cultivate compassion satisfaction to increase nurse retention and improve organizational outcomes.

[Risk factors and prognosis of pediatric silent lupus nephritis with class â ¢ to â ¤]. / 儿童⠢~â ¤åž‹æ— ç—‡çŠ¶æ€§ç‹¼ç–®æ€§è‚¾ç‚Žçš„å±é™©å› ç´ åŠé¢„åŽåˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To study the risk factors and prognostic characteristics of pediatric silent lupus nephritis (SLN) with class Ⅲ to V. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to collect clinical data from 30 children diagnosed with SLN at the Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from May 2007 to April 2023. Based on renal pathological classification, the patients were divided into a class Ⅱ group (12 cases) and a class Ⅲ to Ⅴ group (18 cases). The risk factors for the occurrence of class Ⅲ to Ⅴ SLN were analyzed, and the prognostic characteristics were summarized. RESULTS: Among the 30 SLN patients, the median follow-up time was 61.50 months. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportions of patients who discontinued glucocorticoids or achieved low disease activity status, nor in the annual decline rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the class Ⅱ and class Ⅲ to V groups (P>0.05). However, three patients in the class Ⅱ group progressed to stage 1 chronic kidney disease (CKD), while eight patients in the class III to V group reached stage 1 CKD, and four patients reached stage 2 CKD. Among the 26 female SLN patients, serum complement C3 levels in the class III to V group were lower than those in the class Ⅱ group (P<0.05). Serum C3 levels in SLN patients, as well as in female SLN patients, were negatively correlated with the fluorescence intensity of IgA, IgG, and C3 immune complexes in the kidneys (P<0.05). Additionally, serum C3 levels in female SLN patients were negatively correlated with the renal pathological activity index (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that being female and having low serum complement C3 levels were risk factors for the occurrence of class Ⅲ to V SLN in children (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Class Ⅲ to V SLN is not uncommon among SLN children, and there remains a risk of long-term renal function progression. Being female and having low serum complement C3 levels are identified as risk factors for class Ⅲ to V SLN in children.

Identification of target genes co-regulated by four key histone modifications of five key regions in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that histone modification plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of HCC. However, the specific regulatory effects of histone modifications on gene expression in HCC are still unclear. This study focuses on HepG2 cell lines and hepatocyte cell lines. First, the distribution of histone modification signals in the two cell lines was calculated and analyzed. Then, using the random forest algorithm, we analyzed the effects of different histone modifications and their modified regions on gene expression in the two cell lines, four key histone modifications (H3K36me3, H3K4me3, H3K79me2, and H3K9ac) and five key regions that co-regulate gene expression were obtained. Subsequently, target genes regulated by key histone modifications in key regions were screened. Combined with clinical data, Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed on the target genes, and four key target genes (CBX2, CEBPZOS, LDHA, and UMPS) related to prognosis were identified. Finally, through immune infiltration analysis and drug sensitivity analysis of key target genes, the potential role of key target genes in HCC was confirmed. Our results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the occurrence of HCC and propose potential biomarkers associated with histone modifications, which may be potential drug targets for the clinical treatment of HCC.

Targeted isolation of lignans from the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. by small molecule accurate recognition technology.

Five undescribed lignans (1-5), along with sixteen known lignans (6-21), were isolated from the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris using small molecule accurate recognition technology (SMART). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations of compounds 3-5 were elucidated by comparison of their calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Compounds 5, 14-15, 19, and 21 exhibited significantly inhibitory effects against hypoxia-stimulated abnormal proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Moreover, compounds 5, 14-15, 19, and 21 can significantly restore expression of expression of PASMCs proliferation-related protein, including α-SMA, PCNA, P27, and CyclinD3, which are closely related to cell proliferation.

Human ß-casein-derived peptide BCCY-1 improved the intestinal barrier integrity by regulating the TLR4/eNOS/3-Nitrotyrosine axis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a lethal gastrointestinal disease affecting premature infants. Although earlier studies have highlighted protective effects of milk-derived peptides against NEC, the role of the human ß-casein-derived peptide BCCY-1 in intestinal barrier protection has never been investigated. Here, we showed that BCCY-1 alleviated the phenotype of NEC, reduced intestinal expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-6, and improved the intestinal barrier integrity. NEC-associated multi-organ injury and impaired bone marrow hematopoiesis were also attenuated by BCCY-1. Metabolic screening revealed significant changes in intestinal metabolites in the NEC and NEC + BCCY-1 groups. Further analysis disclosed inhibition of 3-Nitrotyrosine formation due to the preservation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which was associated with the interactions between BCCY-1 and lipopolysaccharides, leading to disruption of TLR4 signaling. Our findings suggested that BCCY-1 improved intestinal barrier integrity through modulating the TLR4/eNOS/3-Nitrotyrosine axis, highlighting its potential role in the maintenance of intestinal health.

Interaction of diesel exhaust particulate matter with mucins in simulated saliva fluids: Bioaccessibility of heavy metals and potential health risks.

Air pollution is one of the major environmental risks threatening human health, diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) is an important source of urban air pollution, and oral ingestion is the primary route of exposure to atmospheric particulate matter. This study examined the bioaccessibility of Cr, Fe, and Zn in DEPM within simulated saliva fluids through in vitro experiments, interactions between the particles and mucins, and the mechanisms underlying the oxidative damage they cause. The results indicated that the interaction between DEPM and mucins altered the dispersibility, surface charge, and wettability of the particles, leading to increased release of heavy metals. Protein adsorption experiments and characterizations revealed that the adsorption of mucin by the particles resulted in a complexation reaction between the metals in the DEPM and the mucins, accompanied by fluorescence quenching of the protein. In addition, free radical assays and correlation analyses revealed that environmentally persistent free radicals generated by DEPM induce the production of reactive oxygen species (O2·-, HOOH, and·OH), which damage the secondary structure of mucins and increase the risk of oral diseases. Our study is the first to reveal the interaction between DEPM and mucins in saliva, elucidating the mechanisms of DEPM-induced oxidative damage. This is significant for understanding the oral health risks posed by the ingestion of atmospheric particulate matter.

Three new flavonoid glycosides from the herbaceous stems of Ephedra intermedia.

Phytochemical investigation of the n-butanol extracts of the herbaceous stems of Epheda intermedia led to the isolation of eight flavonoids that included three new flavonoid glycosides (1-3) and five previously reported analogues (4-8). Their structures have been identified on the basis of various spectral data. Besides, all the flavonoids were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase under the positive control of acarbose, and the results indicated that none of them exhibited significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase at 100 µM.

Causal relationship between serum metabolites and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible lung disease with unclear pathological mechanisms. In this study, we utilized bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze the relationship between serum metabolites and IPF, and conducted metabolic pathway analysis. Aim: To determine the causal relationship between serum metabolites and IPF using MR analysis. Methods: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal relationship between 824 serum metabolites and IPF. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to estimate the causal relationship between exposure and results. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using MR Egger, weighted median, and maximum likelihood to eliminate pleiotropy. Additionally, metabolic pathway analysis was conducted to identify potential metabolic pathways. Results: We identified 12 serum metabolites (6 risks and 6 protective) associated with IPF from 824 metabolites. Among them, 11 were known and 1 was unknown. 1-Eicosatrienoylglycophorophospholine and 1-myristoylglycophorophospholine were bidirectional MR positive factors, with 1-myristoylglycophorophospholine being a risk factor (1.0013, 1.0097) and 1-eicosatrienoylglycophorine being a protective factor (0.9914, 0.9990). The four lipids (1-linoleoylglycerophoethanolamine*, total cholesterol in large high-density lipoprotein [HDL], cholesterol esters in very large HDL, and phospholipids in very large HDL) and one NA metabolite (degree of unsaturation) were included in the known hazardous metabolites. The known protective metabolites included three types of lipids (carnitine, 1-linoleoylglycerophoethanolamine*, and 1-eicosatrienoylglycerophophophorine), one amino acid (hypoxanthine), and two unknown metabolites (the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids, and the ratio of photoshopids to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large very low-density lipoprotein [VLDL]). Moreover, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate and 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocline were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF through metabolic pathways such as Glycerolide metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our study identified 6 causal risks and 6 protective serum metabolites associated with IPF. Additionally, 2 metabolites were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF through metabolic pathways, providing a new perspective for further understanding the metabolic pathway and the pathogenesis of IPF.

Agonist Discovery for Membrane Proteins on Live Cells by Using DNA-encoded Libraries.

Identifying biologically active ligands for membrane proteins is an important task in chemical biology. We report an approach to directly identify small molecule agonists against membrane proteins by selecting DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) on live cells. This method connects extracellular ligand binding with intracellular biochemical transformation, thereby biasing the selection toward agonist identification. We have demonstrated the methodology with three membrane proteins: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR), and insulin receptor (INSR). A ∼30 million and a 1.033 billion-compound DEL were selected against these targets, and novel agonists with subnanomolar affinity and low micromolar cellular activities have been discovered. The INSR agonists activated the receptor by possibly binding to an allosteric site, exhibited clear synergistic effects with insulin, and activated the downstream signaling pathways. Notably, the agonists did not activate the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), a highly homologous receptor whose activation may lead to tumor progression. Collectively, this work has developed an approach toward "functional" DEL selections on the cell surface and may provide a widely applicable method for agonist discovery for membrane proteins.

Triglyceride-glucose index and clinical outcomes in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study of MIMIC-IV.

Although accumulating researches were done for investigating the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) and different diseases, none of the researches have been made in sepsis yet. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between TyG index and clinical outcomes in sepsis based on a large critical care public database. Sepsis patients in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) Database were included. The exposure was TyG index, which was calculated by the equation: ln (TG (mg/dL) × FBG (mg/dL)/2). The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality. The relationship between TyG index and outcomes was performed by Cox regression analysis. Smooth fitting curves were constructed by using generalized additive model. Kaplan-Meier analyses for cumulative hazard of 1-year mortality in different groups were done. 1103 sepsis patients were included with a median TyG index of 9.78. The mortalities of in-hospital and 1-year were 37.53% (n = 414) and 42.25% (n = 466), respectively. After adjusting confounders, there was a significantly negative relationship between TyG index and mortalities of in-hospital and 1-year. With the per unit increment in TyG index, the risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality both decreased by 21% (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.94, p = 0.0086 and HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.94, p = 0.0080, respectively). A negative relationship between TyG index and clinical outcomes in sepsis was found.

[Clinical characteristics of children with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis]. / å„¿ç«¥æŠ—ä¸­æ€§ç²’ç»†èƒžèƒžè´¨æŠ—ä½“ç›¸å ³æ€§è¡€ç®¡ç‚Žä¸´åºŠç‰¹å¾åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of children with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 25 children diagnosed with AAV at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to June 2022. RESULTS: Among the AAV children, there were 5 males and 20 females, with a median age of onset of 11.0 years. Involvement of the urinary system was seen in 18 cases (72%); respiratory system involvement in 10 cases (40%); skin involvement in 6 cases (24%); eye, ear, and nose involvement in 5 cases (20%); joint involvement in 4 cases (16%); digestive system involvement in 2 cases (8%). Eleven cases underwent kidney biopsy, with 5 cases (46%) showing focal type, 2 cases (18%) showing crescentic type, 2 cases (18%) showing mixed type, and 2 cases (18%) showing sclerotic type. Immune complex deposits were present in 5 cases (45%). Seven cases reached chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage V, with 2 cases resulting in death. Two cases underwent kidney transplantation. At the end of the follow-up period, 2 cases were at CKD stage II, and 1 case was at CKD stage III. Of the 16 cases of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) group, 13 (81%) involved the urinary system. Of the 9 cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 6 cases (66%) had sinusitis. Serum creatinine and uric acid levels were higher in the MPA group than in the GPA group (P<0.05), while red blood cell count and glomerular filtration rate were lower in the MPA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AAV is more common in school-age female children, with MPA being the most common clinical subtype. The onset of AAV in children is mainly characterized by renal involvement, followed by respiratory system involvement. The renal pathology often presents as focal type with possible immune complex deposits. Children with MPA often have renal involvement, while those with GPA commonly have sinusitis. The prognosis of children with AAV is poor, often accompanied by renal insufficiency.

[Correlation of anti-C1q antibodies with active systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in children]. / 抗C1qæŠ—ä½“ä¸Žå„¿ç«¥æ´»åŠ¨æ€§ç³»ç»Ÿæ€§çº¢æ–‘ç‹¼ç–®å’Œæ´»åŠ¨æ€§ç‹¼ç–®æ€§è‚¾ç‚Žçš„ç›¸å ³æ€§åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation of anti-C1q antibodies with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in children, as well as their diagnostic value for active SLE and LN. METHODS: A retrospective selection of 90 hospitalized children with SLE at the Children's Medical Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2016 to March 2019 as the SLE group, all of whom were tested for anti-C1q antibodies. A control group was formed by collecting 70 hospitalized children with other autoimmune diseases (OAD) during the same period. The differences in anti-C1q antibody levels were compared between two groups.The correlation of anti-C1q antibodies with various indicators of SLE and LN was analyzed, and the diagnostic value of anti-C1q in SLE and LN was evaluated. RESULTS: The serum levels of anti-C1q antibodies in the SLE group were higher than those in the OAD group (P<0.05). The SLE disease activity index score was positively correlated with anti-C1q antibodies (rs=0.371, P<0.001) and positively correlated with anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (rs=0.370, P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of anti-C1q antibodies for diagnosing active SLE were 89.90% and 53.90%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.720 (P<0.05) and a critical value of 5.45 U/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-C1q antibody levels for diagnosing active LN were 58.50% and 85.00%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.675 (P<0.05) and a critical value of 22.05 U/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-C1q antibodies can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for evaluating the activity of SLE or predicting the activity of LN in children.

Advances in porous carbon materials for a sustainable future: A review.

Developing clean and renewable energy sources is key to a sustainable future. For human society to progress sustainably, environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage technologies are critical. The use of nanostructured advanced functional materials heavily influences the functionality of these systems. Porous carbons are multifunctional materials boasting considerable industrial utility. They possess many remarkable physiochemical and mechanical characteristics which have garnered interest in various fields. In this review, the application of porous carbon materials in electrocatalysis (HER, OER, ORR, NARR, and CO2RR) and rechargeable batteries (LIBs, LiS batteries, NIBs, and KIBs) for renewable energy conversion and storage are discussed. The suitability of porous carbon materials for these applications is discussed, and some recent works are reviewed. Finally, a few viewpoints on developing porous carbons in electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries are given. This review aims to generate interest in current and upcoming researchers in porous carbon application for a sustainable future.