Bibliometric study of refractive surgery and dry eye scientific literature.

OBJECTIVE: Currently, refractive surgery is a safe and effective procedure, and considered as a risk for development of dry eye. The aim of study is to analyze the scientific publications in the field of ocular dryness secondary to refractive surgery through a bibliometric approach. The temporal period goes since 2001-2019, years in which first references appeared and search limited selection is done, respectively. The set of publications ranges from the first publication appeared in 2001, to the last one selected in 2019. METHODS: A search of references was made through Scopus, using "refractive surgery" as main descriptor, and «dry eye¼ as secondary one; both descriptors were limited to those available in the chosen field for the title, abstract, and keywords. The most common indicators and bibliometric maps were applied for to the selected publications. RESULTS: A total of 78 original articles were collected from the timeframe 2001-2019. According to the Price's law, the growth of literature production was linear turned out in a linear growth of literature production. The annual growth rate was 8.6% with a literature doubling time of 8.4 years. The Bradford core, preferred journals chosen by authors were 4 with offered four preferred journals by the authors, all of them with an impact factor >2. These were Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal of Glaucoma and British Journal of Ophthalmology. Regarding geographical distribution, the United States had the highest production. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific production of dry eye after refractive surgery follows a linear growth. In this instance, postulates of the Price's growth law of science are not fulfilled. In addition, there is a high rate of transience. That may indicate low productivity or presence of researchers from other related subjects disciplines, who have published occasionally in this topic.

Citation network analysis of the various types of multifocal intraocular lenses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The implantation of multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) has increased in recent years, allowing patients to achieve good quality vision at all distances, independence from use of glasses, and consequently, an increase in quality of life. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the links between publications and authors via citation networks, as well to as identify the different research areas and determine the most cited publications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The publication search was performed through the Web of Science database, using the terms «Multifocal intraocular lens¼, «Bifocal intraocular lens¼, «Trifocal intraocular lens¼, «Diffractive intraocular lens¼, «Refractive intraocular lens¼, «Accommodative intraocular lens¼ and «Extended depth of focus intraocular lens¼, for a time interval from 1989 to August 2020. The software used to analyse the publications was the Citation Network Explorer. RESULTS: A total of 1293 publications were found, with 11,730 citations generated in the network, and 2019 had the highest number of publications of any year. The most cited publication was «European multicenter study of the AcrySof ReSTOR apodized diffractive intraocular lens¼ by Kohnen et al., published in 2006. Four groups about different research areas in this field were found using the Clustering functionality: visual quality, IOL designs, ocular aberrations, or defocus curves. CONCLUSIONS: The citation network offers an objective and comprehensive analysis of the main articles on the different designs and classes of multifocal IOL.

Citation network analysis of the various types of multifocal intraocular lenses. / Análisis de redes de citación sobre los diversos tipos de lentes intraoculares multifocales.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The implantation of multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) has increased in recent years, allowing patients to achieve good quality vision at all distances, independence from use of glasses, and consequently, an increase in quality of life. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the links between publications and authors via citation networks, as well to as identify the different research areas and determine the most cited publications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The publication search was performed through the Web of Science database, using the terms «Multifocal intraocular lens¼, «Bifocal intraocular lens¼, «Trifocal intraocular lens¼, «Diffractive intraocular lens¼, «Refractive intraocular lens¼, «Accommodative intraocular lens¼ and «Extended depth of focus intraocular lens¼, for a time interval from 1989 to August 2020. The software used to analyse the publications was the Citation Network Explorer. RESULTS: A total of 1293 publications were found, with 11730 citations generated in the network, and 2019 had the highest number of publications of any year. The most cited publication was «European multicenter study of the AcrySof ReSTOR apodized diffractive intraocular lens¼ by Kohnen et al., published in 2006. Four groups about different research areas in this field were found using the Clustering functionality: visual quality, IOL designs, ocular aberrations, or defocus curves. CONCLUSIONS: The citation network offers an objective and comprehensive analysis of the main articles on the different designs and classes of multifocal IOL.

Light disturbance analysis in the controlled randomized clinical trial MiSight® Assessment Study Spain (MASS).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the perception of light disturbances (LD) in children wearing Dual Focus (DF) MiSight® contact lenses (CLs) for myopia control compared with children wearing single vision spectacles (SV). METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving subjects aged 8-12 with myopia of -0.75 to -4.00D and astigmatism <1.00D allocated to MiSight® study CLs group or control group wearing SV. LD was determined at baseline, 12 and 24 months visit with a validated device, Light Disturbance Analyzer (LDA) to determine the shape, size and regularity of the LD phenomena with parameters of Light Disturbance Index (LDI) Best Fit Circle (BFC) and Standard Deviation between LD and BFC (BFCIrreg.SD). RESULTS: 74 children completed the study, 41 in the CL group and 33 in the SV group. SV group didn´t show any significant differences between monocular and binocular LD measurements throughout the study. Binocular BFCRadius was smaller at 24 months visit compared with 12 month visit (p < 0.05) and for BFCIrreg.SD was significantly smaller at 24 month visit compared with baseline (p < 0.05). In MiSight® group, binocular and monocular LDI, BFCRadius and BFCIrreg.SD measurements didn't show any significant change between 12 and 24 month visits (p > 0.05). However, monocular BFCIrreg. as well as monocular and binocular BFCIrreg.SD showed a significant decrease at 24 month visit compared with 12 month visit. CONCLUSIONS: DF lenses increase the monocular light disturbance perception compared with a single vision spectacle correction. However, this effect decreased over the follow-up time and presented a significant binocular attenuation effect.

[Macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in pseudoaphakic eyes with clear vs yellow implant]. / Espesor macular medido con tomografía de coherencia óptica en ojos pseudoafáquicos con implante amarillo vs. transparente.

OBJECTIVE: To study the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), for measuring the macular thickness variations produced over time in elderly pseudophakic subjects implanted with a clear intraocular lens (IOL) in one eye, and a yellow IOL in the other eye. METHODS: Macular thickness measurements were obtained in the 36 eyes of 18 subjects over 65 years, with cataracts surgically removed from both eyes and implanted with different absorbance (clear and yellow) IOLs in 2 separate surgeries. Stratus-OCT was used to determine the macular thickness in 2 sessions with 5 years of difference. RESULTS: After 5 years of follow-up, the eyes implanted with clear IOLs revealed a significant decrease in macular thickness. However, in eyes implanted with yellow IOLs the macular thickness remained stable. The mean overall decrease in macular thickness in eyes implanted with clear IOLs was 5 ± 8 µm (P=.02), and foveal thickness reduction was 10 ± 17 µm (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: The macular thickness changes produced in eyes implanted with a yellow IOL differ from those with a clear IOL. These observation point to a possible protective effect of yellow IOL against the harmful effects of light in elderly pseudophakic subjects. However, studies with a longer follow-up are still needed to confirm that the protection provided by this IOL model is clinically significant.

Bread Staling: Updating the View.

Staling of bread is cause of significant product waste in the world. We reviewed the literature of the last 10 y with the aim to give an up-to-date overview on processing/storage parameters, antistaling ingredients, sourdough technology, and measurement methods of the staling phenomenon. Many researchers have been focusing their interest on the selection of ingredients able to retard staling, mainly hydrocolloids, waxy wheat flours (WWF), and enzymes, but different efforts have been made to understand the molecular basis of bread staling with the help of various measurement methods. Results obtained confirm the central role of amylopectin retrogradation and water redistribution within the different polymers in determining bread staling, but highlighted also the importance of other flour constituents, such as proteins and nonstarch polysaccharides. Data obtained with thermal, spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography, and colorimetry analysis have pointed out the need to encourage the use of one or more of these techniques in order to better understand the mechanisms of staling. Results so far obtained have provided new insight on bread staling, but the phenomenon has not been fully elucidated so far.

Short communication: Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococcus species from goat milk with the API Staph identification test and with transfer RNA-intergenic spacer PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most commonly isolated bacteria from goat milk, but they have often been identified with phenotypic methods, which may have resulted in misclassification. The aims of this paper were to assess the amount of misclassification of a phenotypic test for identifying CNS species from goat milk compared with transfer RNA intergenic spacer PCR (tDNA-PCR) followed by capillary electrophoresis, and to apply the tDNA-PCR technique on different capillary electrophoresis equipment. Milk samples were collected from 416 does in 5 Californian dairy goat herds on 3 occasions during lactation. In total, 219 CNS isolates were identified at the species level with tDNA-PCR and subjected to the API 20 Staph identification test kit (API Staph; bioMérieux, Durham, NC). If the same species was isolated multiple times from the same udder gland, only the first isolate was used for further analyses, resulting in 115 unique CNS isolates. According to the tDNA-PCR test, the most prevalent CNS species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus caprae, and Staphylococcus simulans. Typeability with API staph was low (72%). Although the API Staph test was capable of identifying the majority of Staph. epidermidis and Staph. caprae isolates, sensitivity for identification of Staph. simulans was low. The true positive fraction was high for the 3 most prevalent species. It was concluded that the overall performance of API Staph in differentiating CNS species from goat milk was moderate to low, mainly because of the low typeability, and that genotypic methods such as tDNA-PCR are preferred.

[Dacryocystorhinostomy in adolescents and young adults]. / Dacriocistorrinostomía en adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relative frequency, causes, anatomical and functional outcomes and complications of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in patients between the second and fifth decade of life. METHOD: A retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional study of a clinical series of 12 patients who underwent DCR from March 2007 to March 2009, performed by a single surgeon, with an age range between 10 and 48 years. Recorded data included age at surgery, date of surgery, gender, affected side, cause of obstruction, surgical technique, outcome and complications. The relative frequency of such cases over the total was calculated. RESULTS: DCR in patients between 13-48 years old represented 14.11% of the total (12:85). In this group 88.8% were females and in 75% surgery was on the right side. The most frequent cause of obstruction was low idiopathic obstruction (58.33%) whereas 41.66% were secondary. An external DCR was performed on 66.67% of patients and the rest were endonasal DCR. Anatomical success was achieved with resolution of symptoms in 91.6% of patients. One case had a hypertrophic scar. CONCLUSION: Adolescents and young adults represent a significant percentage of cases undergoing DCR surgery. Both the external and endoscopic approach is shown to be a valid alternative for treating these patients, with good results and low incidence of complications.

Evaluation of a biological risk management tool on large western United States dairies.

Critical to changing biosecurity practices on the farm is an individual assessment of those practices contributing to disease transmission. The purpose of this project was to assess, implement, and refine a biological risk management survey for use on large western United States dairy farms. Assessment tools developed by Iowa State University Center for Food Security and Public Health (Ames, IA) were refined using a focus group process and by testing them on 40 dairy herds in California. Each question was evaluated using standard criteria and producer responses. Some survey questions required refinement for clarity and others were considered unnecessary. New questions were added based on a biosecurity literature review, resulting in a new set of questions that can be used by extension educators and food animal veterinarians to help identify disease risk areas and educate dairy producers.

Precipitation and temperature effects on mortality and lactation parameters of dairy cattle in California.

Data from 3 commercial rendering companies located in different regions of California were analyzed from September 2003 through August 2005 to examine the relationship of dairy calf and cow mortality to monthly average daily temperature and total monthly precipitation respectively. Yearly average mortality varied between rendering regions from 2.1 to 8.1% for mature cows. The relationship between cow and calf monthly mortality and monthly average daily temperature was U-shaped. Overall, months with average daily temperatures less than 14 and greater than 24 degrees C showed substantial increases in both calf and cow mortality with calf mortality being more sensitive to changes in these temperature ranges than cow mortality. Temperature changes were reflected in a 2-fold difference between the minimum and maximum mortality in cows and calves. Precipitation showed a weak effect with calf mortality and no effect with cow mortality. Data from Dairy Herd Improvement Association were used from 112 California herds tested over a 24-mo period to examine the relationship of milk production and quality with monthly average daily temperature and monthly precipitation. Somatic cell count and percent milk fat were either weakly or not associated with monthly average daily temperature and total monthly precipitation. However, total monthly precipitation was negatively associated with test day milk per milking cow regardless of the dairy's geographical location. Housing-specific associations for test day milk per milking cow were greater for total monthly precipitation than monthly average daily temperature, with the strongest negative association seen for dairies that do not provide shelter for cows. This suggests that providing suitable housing for lactating dairy cattle may ameliorate the precipitation-associated decrease in test day milk per milking cow.

[Refractive surprise after LASIK]. / Sorpresa refractiva tras LASIK.

CASE REPORT: A female patient underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in both eyes. The final degree of astigmatism in her left eye was double the preoperative value due to an error in data management. Complex surgery to both eyes was necessary to resolve the mistake. DISCUSSION: Complications in refractive surgery can occur, however errors in data management must be minimized by double-checking. Solutions to resolve the errors made can be difficult and the entire staff must share responsibility to avoid these undesirable outcomes.

Association of minimum inhibitory concentration cluster patterns with dairy management practices for environmental bacteria isolated from bulk tank milk.

Environmental bacteria have emerged over the past few years to become significant causes of mastitis. Bacteria in this group are often reported by practicing veterinarians to be increasingly resistant to intramammary therapy and responsible for elevated bulk tank somatic cell counts. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of association of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for selected antimicrobial agents with environmental bacteria isolated from bulk tank milk on California dairies and their housing facilities, husbandry practices, and antimicrobic-use strategies. Bulk tank milk samples were collected from 2 dairy cooperatives that had their milk cultured at the Milk Quality Laboratory, University of California Davis, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center in Tulare, CA. Samples were collected from July 2001 through March 2002 on 88 d; and 404 environmental bacteria isolated from 93 dairies were found. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined on 337 of the isolates for 10 antimicrobial agents. Cluster analysis was performed on the minimum inhibitory concentration values for each organism, and 4 antimicrobial clusters with varying degrees of resistance were found.A 69-question survey questionnaire was completed on-farm for 49 of the 73 dairies that had at least 3 environmental bacterial isolates. The questionnaire sought information on housing facilities, milking management, mastitis prevention, antimicrobial usage strategies, and owner/veterinary involvement in disease control and prevention. Multinomial logistic regression analysis found significant associations between the antimicrobial agent-resistance cluster groups and some of the housing and bedding practices, failure to dry udders before milking, and antimicrobial treatment of nonmastitis conditions. No association was noted for antimicrobial agent treatment of mastitis and the resistance cluster patterns.

Regulation of acetic acid production by homo- and heterofermentative lactobacilli in whole-wheat sour-doughs.

The efficiency of sour-dough as a possible preservative agent of microbial spoilage of bread depends on its acetic acid content. As a secondary metabolite of sugar fermentation by lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid may be promoted in the presence of O2 or H+ acceptors. This paper studies the influence of O2 and high fructose content products (pure sugar, invert sugar, fructose syrup) addition on acetic acid production by hetero- (Lactobacillus brevis 25a, B-21, L-62; L. sanfrancisco L-99) and homofermentative (L. plantarum B-39) lactobacilli in whole-wheat sour-doughs [280 and 250 dough yield (DY)]. The pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) of sour-doughs after 44 h fermentation varied with DY and strain. As expected, the addition of O2 promoted greater increases in TTA with heterofermentative lactobacilli (15-42%) than with L. plantarum (15%). Fructose addition was only effective for heterofermentative strains, but the overall effects were smaller than those observed for oxygenation. The ability of lactobacilli to produce acetic acid in sour-doughs without treatment varied from 0.16 g/100 g flour at 44 h (B-39, 280, 350 DY) to 0.47-0.65% (L-62, 280, 350 DY). The production of acetic acid was positively promoted by all treatments. Oxygenation was again the most effective way of inducing acetic acid production; increases ranged from 54% (B-21) to 269% (L-99, 350 DY). The addition of H+ acceptors had variable effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae extract on milk yield in a commercial dairy herd.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae extract in combination with a yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on milk yield and composition, rectal temperatures, and rumen parameters in a commercial dairy herd. Pluriparous Holstein cows (n = 521) in early lactation were assigned to a 130-d trial from May to September 1992. Treatments were control (no additive) and yeast culture (56 g/d) plus A. oryzae (3 g/d). Both groups were fed a TMR composed of alfalfa silage, alfalfa hay, corn silage, rolled barley, rolled corn, grass screenings, whole cottonseed, wet citrus pulp, molasses supplement, protein pellet, and minerals. No differences were detected in actual milk, 3.5% FCM, or percentages of milk fat or protein. Percentages of lactose and SNF were lower for the group fed yeast culture plus A. oryzae. Rectal temperatures were lower for cows fed yeast culture plus A. oryzae for 7 of 17 readings made during the summer. The greatest difference occurred during hotter months.