ABSTRACT
Avian influenza (AI) is an exotic disease in Argentina. A surveillance program for AI was conducted in backyard poultry during 1998-2005 in two regions: 1) region A, which included the avian population in the provinces that border Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, and 2) region B, which included the rest of the provinces of the country. More than 8000 serum samples were tested for antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or agar gel immunodiffusion tests, and more than 18,000 tracheal and cloacal swabs were tested for virus by isolation in embryonated specific-pathogen-free eggs. This study was part of the AI prevention program in Argentina, which includes other avian populations such as commercial poultry and all the controls for importation and exportation of live birds. The results from backyard poultry were negative for AI.
Subject(s)
Chickens/virology , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Animals , Argentina/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Short information on the XXXIIth International Congress on the History of Medicine (Antwerpen, Belgium). There the author displayed her work "An Beauperthuy's Anatomy lesson: 1850, Cumana". As National Delegate from Venezuela, she refers three more of our Society's Members she introduced as Members of the International Society for the History of Medicine.
Subject(s)
Historiography , Belgium , Congresses as Topic/history , History, 20th Century , Societies/historyABSTRACT
In spite of the admitted difficulty in order to fix the exact foundation dates of the medieval universities, it is established that, after the Salerno Medical School closing in 1811, the Bologna University is the oldest in Europe, because the teaching of Law began there in 1088.
Subject(s)
Universities/history , History, Medieval , ItalyABSTRACT
Bolivar in military campaigns had attention to the health organization. Military hospitals have been organized not only for soldiers, but also for the population. Malaria and parasites and remedies administered without scientific or professional bases were the more important problems of public health.