ABSTRACT
Background: Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases in the dairy industry. It causes heavy monetary losses by decreasing milk production and treatment cost. Streptococcus agalactiae, the cause of contagious bovine mastitis, possesses various virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity. Aims: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of virulence genes of S. agalactiae. Methods: In the current work, 98 Streptococcus species were isolated from 320 milk samples, collected from Veterinary Clinical Complex, Junagadh. Out of the isolates, 42 S. agalactiae isolates were used for virulence genes detection. Results: All Streptococcus spp. were confirmed at genus level by targeting tuf gene, and S. agalactiae was identified at species level by targeting 16S rRNA gene. For virulence gene detection, scpB, cfb, and cylE genes were targeted. Of 42 S. agalactiae isolates, 15, 16, and 10 isolates possessed scpB, cfb, and cylE genes, respectively. Conclusion: This study aids us to know virulence characteristics and mechanisms responsible for the development of new strains in mastitis epidemiology in response to prevention and control strategies.
ABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to investigate the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of endometritis in buffaloes, which can lead to early diagnosis of endometritis. The expression of CD14, TLR-4, and IL-1ß encoding gene in endometrium of buffaloes with subclinical endometritis were 1.87, 2.71, and 3.48-fold, while samples with clinical endometritis showed only 2.90, 4.76, and 8.02-fold for CD14, TLR-4, and IL-1ß, respectively, though numerical value of expression was higher in subclinical and clinical endometritis but it was at par with control. The expression profile for IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA for subclinical endometritis were 11.95, 14.87, and 12.95-fold while for clinical endometritis, values were 18.17, 37.97, and 28.83-fold for IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA, respectively, which were significantly higher in subclinical and clinical endometritis as compared to apparently normal samples at follicular phase. In the luteal group, the subclinical endometritis sample showed 2.13, 6.43, 14.52, 22.38, 18.64, and 2.82-fold respectively, for CD14, IL-1ß IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and TLR-4 mRNA. Except TLR-4, the values of expression were significantly higher when compared with apparently normal. Whereas, the expression values of clinical endometritic uteri were 4.01, 7.15, 17.20, 45.55, 52.58, and 32.95-fold respectively, for CD14, TLR-4, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA which were significantly higher as compared to apparently normal uteri. An increase in the mRNA expression of CD14, TLR-4, and pro-inflammatory cytokines having higher diagnostic importance in uterine inflammation.
Subject(s)
Buffaloes , Cytokines/genetics , Endometriosis/physiopathology , Endometrium/metabolism , Gene Expression , Animals , Asymptomatic Diseases , Cytokines/metabolism , Endometriosis/metabolism , Endometrium/physiopathology , FemaleABSTRACT
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of horn is frequently observed in Bos indicus affecting 1% of cattle population and accounting 83.34% of total tumours found. The transcriptome profile of horn cancer (HC) tissue and the matched normal (HN) tissue were analysed by RNA-seq using Roche 454 sequencing. A total of 1 504 900 reads comprising of 612 MB data were used to identify differentially expressed genes using CLC Genomic Workbench. These include up-regulation of KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT14, SFN, KRT84, PI3, COL17A1, ANLN, SERPINB5 and down-regulation of BOLA, SCGB1A1, CXCL17, KRT19, BPIFB1, NR4A1 and TFF3 in HC, which are involved in regulation of gene transcription, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell survival and metabolic pathways. The qPCR analysis of several targets suggested concordance of gene expression profile with RNA-seq analysis. The present findings would provide basis for further screening of genes and identification of markers for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of HC.