ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the inflammatory profile of CRSwNP in Brazil and characterize the subgroups of CRSwNP patients in this population through cluster analysis. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter cross-sectional study involving 15 centers representing different regions of Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical data of 166 patients and 80 controls, aged 18 to 70 years old, number of surgeries for CRS, history of asthma and aspirin sensitivity, and Lund-Mackay scores on CT scans. During nasal endoscopy, we obtained the Lund-Kennedy scores and collected 2 samples of nasal polyps: one for eosinophil and neutrophil tissue counts and one to quantify different cytokines. RESULTS: 79.6% of our patients had 10 or more eosinophils/HPF. CRSwNP groups exhibited significantly lower concentrations of TNF-alpha and significantly higher concentrations of IFN-gamma, CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL24/Eotaxin-2/MPIF-2, and CCL26/Eotaxin-3 versus the control group (Kruskal-Wallis test). Comparison between CRSwNP groups (≥10 vs <10 eosinophils/HPF) showed no difference in cytokine concentration (Mann-Whitney test). Hierarchical clustering and PCA according to cytokine concentrations revealed 2 main Clusters, with a significantly higher concentration of all cytokines in Cluster 1 (n = 35) than in Cluster 2 (n = 121), except IL-6 and IL-33 (Mann-Whitney test). According to ROC curve analysis the best cut-off to differentiate the 2 clusters was 43 eosinophils/HPF. The group with ≥43 presented a higher prevalence of men and a higher Lund-Mackay score (Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: CRSwNP patients in Brazil present mixed inflammation, with 2 distinct groups (high and low inflammatory pattern) that can be distinguished by tissue eosinophilia of ≥43 eosinophils/HPF cut-off in nasal polyps.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: A Fasceíte Necrotizante é uma infecção bacteriana caracterizada por extensa necrose dos tecidos, que pode envolver desde a pele até a musculatura. É mais prevalente na população adulta do que pediátrica e os principais locais de acometimento são o tronco e extremidades, sendo a região da cabeça e pescoço menos comumente atingida. Os patógenos mais freqüentemente isolados são Streptococcus pyogenes (grupo A) e Staphilococcus aureus. O exame anatomopatológico é o melhor método diagnóstico identificando precocemente a doença. O suporte clínico, o debridamento cirúrgico, além de antibioticoterapia endovenosa são fundamentais para o tratamento. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um lactente que apresentou Fasceíte Necrotizante na região cervical. Relato do caso: Lactente, sexo masculino, branco, 2 meses de idade, previamente hígido, com quadro de Fasceíte Necrotizante em região cervical anterior e lateral direita. Com tratamento adequado o paciente obteve excelente recuperação sem apresentar importantes alterações estéticas ou funcionais. Conclusão: A Fasceíte Necrotizante cervicofacial é rara em crianças. O debridamento cirúrgico precoce é necessário para controlar a infecção mesmo que possa resultar em ferimentos grandes e profundos. A antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro e o suporte hemodinâmico também são fundamentais para o sucesso terapêutico.
Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is a bacterial infection characterized by extensive necrosis of tissues, and may include skin and muscles. It's more frequent in adults than in children and generally involves the trunk and extremities. Head and neck area is less commonly affected. The most frequently isolated pathogens are the Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) and Staphylococcus aureus. The anatomopathological exam is the best diagnostic method, which early identifies the disease. The clinical support, surgical debridement, and the intravenous antibiotic therapy, are fundamental for the treatment. Objective: To report a case of an infant who suffered from Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis. Case Report: Infant, male sex, white, 2 months old, previously healthy, with Necrotizing Fasciitis involving the frontal and right lateral cervical regions. After adequate treatment the patient obtained excellent recovery without presenting important aesthetic or functional alterations. Conclusion: The Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis is uncommon in children. The early surgical debridement is necessary to control the infection, even if it may result in great and deep injuries. The wide spectrum antibiotic therapy and hemodynamic support are also basic for the therapeutic success.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Bacterial Infections , Drainage , Fasciitis, Necrotizing , Neck/microbiologyABSTRACT
Introdução: Devido às graves conseqüências advindas do uso prolongado de descongestionantes e por ser um dos remédios mais procurados dentro da automedicação no Brasil, resolvemos avaliar o grupo de pacientes usuários de descongestionante nasal para um melhor conhecimento desta população. Material e Métodos: Num período de seis meses, dos 234 pacientes que procuraram o Ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia com sintomas nasais, 100 eram usuários de descongestionantes. Para estes foi aplicado um questionário sobre oshábitos de uso: freqüência, causas do início, indicação e, outros. Resultados: Dos pacientes abordados, 42,7% eram usuários e destes: 18,4% apresentavam alguma contra-indicação ao uso; 37% praticaram automedicação; 59% usavam o remédio além do período indicado e 32% usavam mais do que duas vezes ao dia. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os pacientes entrevistados têm seu medicamento prescrito pelo médico,utilizam o medicamento por longos períodos, não consideram o uso crônico do descongestionante nasal como um problema de saúde pública, compram esse medicamento livremente nas farmácias e, por fim, os pacientes praticantes da automedicação possuem maior grau de escolaridade
Introduction: Due to the serious consequences caused by the prolonged use of nasal decongestants since they are easily available among self- medications in Brazil, we decided to evaluate a group of users of these drugs for a better knowledge of this population. Material and Methods: In a period of six months, out of 234 patients with nasal symptoms assisted in the Otorhinolaringology Outpatients, 100 were users of nasal decongestants. A questionnaire about their use habits was applied: frequency, causes of the beginning,indication and, others. Results: Out of these patients, 42.7% were users of some medications, and out these: 18.4% presented some contraindication to the use; 37% had practiced self-medication; 59% used the drug beyond the indicated period, and 32% used it more than twice a day. Conclusion: We concluded that the interviewed patients had their medication prescribed by the doctor, have been using it for long periods, have not considered the chronic use of the nasal decongestants as a problem of public health, have freely bought these drugs at drugstores, and finally, self- medication patients had high educational level