ABSTRACT
In the experiment where rats were fed a diet with phytosterols and alkylglycerols for 1,5 months, changes were observed in morphometric parameters in the liver structure in rats. In animals, which were fed a diet with 20% replacement of the fat component (lard) on phytosterols (stanols derived from rapeseed and conifers), blood circulatory disorders of the liver were observed. There was dilatation of the lumens of the central veins and hepatic veins in the interlobular vascular bundles. On the periphery of the lobules, around the vascular bundles, abundant clusters of lymphocytes were revealed. In both groups of rats fed a diet containing various amounts of alkylglycerols obtained from Berrytenthis magister liver (7 and 50 mg per day) and lard as a fat component, in peripheral areas of hepatic lobules the reticuloendothelial cell count was increased as compared with the control group of animals fed a diet containing as fatty component a mixture of lard and sunflower oil (1:1). These cells contained polysaccharides in the cytoplasm and formed thin bands along the hepatic tubules. In addition, in all groups of rats receiving diets with lipid components (both stanols and alkylglycerols), the occurrence of reticuloendothelium proliferation foci in the middle and central zones of liver lobules were 1,8, 2,3 and 2,1 fold higher than in control group. As compared to control animals, the foci in the above groups contained 1,8, 1,7 and 1,6 fold more cells. Furthermore, the number of animals with reticuloendothelium proliferation foci in the groups receiving investigated lipid components was also increased by 2 fold, as compared to controls.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Hepatic Veins/pathology , Liver/pathology , Mononuclear Phagocyte System/pathology , Phytosterols/adverse effects , Animals , Brassica rapa/chemistry , Hepatic Veins/metabolism , Hepatic Veins/physiopathology , Liver/metabolism , Liver/physiopathology , Mononuclear Phagocyte System/metabolism , Phytosterols/chemistry , Phytosterols/pharmacology , Plant Oils/adverse effects , Plant Oils/chemistry , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sunflower Oil , Tracheophyta/chemistry , Vasodilation/drug effectsABSTRACT
The purpose of the given work was to research an influence of polysynthetic diet with various levels of selenium on a condition of distal small intestine mucous membranes in rats. Mucous membranes of distal small intestine were studied by common morphological and morphometrical methods. The histological estimation of influence of quantity of consumed selenium has shown that adverse changes in a mucous membrane of intestines of the rats receiving low selenium diet are most expressed, and least--at the animals receiving a diet as much as possible enriched organic form of selenium.
Subject(s)
Intestine, Small/anatomy & histology , Mucous Membrane/anatomy & histology , Selenium/administration & dosage , Selenium/deficiency , Animal Feed , Animals , Diet , Intestinal Mucosa/anatomy & histology , Male , Organ Size , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Influence of different levels of dietary carrageenan (0.2; 0.6, 2% with 18% casein) after 4 weeks in rats on coefficients of biological value (PER, NPR, NPUtr u BVtr) and digestibility (Dtr) of protein, microflore in cecum and morphometric data in distal part of small intestine were studied. There were found adverse changes of coefficients of biological value (NPUtr, BVtr) and digestibility (Dtr) after 2% dose of carrageenan. Chandes in microflore of cecum and worse of morphometric data in small intestine were observed.
Subject(s)
Carrageenan/pharmacology , Dietary Fiber/pharmacology , Dietary Proteins/metabolism , Digestion/drug effects , Animals , Carrageenan/administration & dosage , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage , Intestine, Large/drug effects , Intestine, Large/microbiology , Intestine, Large/pathology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Intestine, Small/microbiology , Intestine, Small/pathology , Male , Nutritive Value , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
This paper reviews evidence for the immune-enhancing effect of Spirulina (Sp) and Selen-Spirulina (Se-Sp) in male Wistar rats. The rats of control group fed half-synthetic diet. Rats of experimental groups consumed the half-synthetic diets with Sp (10 g/kg diet) or Se-Sp (350 microg Se/kg diet) for 2 weeks. Using rats lymphocytes in vitro after phytohemagglutinin stimulation was demonstrated that lymphocytes from Sp and Se-Sp groups secreted of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma more control group. Induction of interleukin-4 was comparable with once of control group. We believed that Sp and Se-Sp are more effective in stimulating a Th-1--type response and hence potentiates cell-mediated immunity. The immunostimulatory effect of Sp and Se-Sp was confirmed by morphologic and morphometric investigation of rats spleen, also with by NBT-test of peritoneal macrophages.
Subject(s)
Cytokines/immunology , Food Additives , Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology , Selenium/immunology , Spirulina/immunology , Th1 Cells/immunology , Animals , Food Additives/administration & dosage , Immunity, Cellular/drug effects , Male , Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Selenium/administration & dosage , Spleen/immunologyABSTRACT
The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with shark liver oil on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with shark liver oil in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immunology status. The mechanism of shark liver oil was investigated in rats.
Subject(s)
Fish Oils , Hypertension/diet therapy , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Myocardial Ischemia/diet therapy , Obesity/diet therapy , Sharks , Animals , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Erythrocyte Membrane/drug effects , Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism , Female , Fish Oils/administration & dosage , Fish Oils/adverse effects , Fish Oils/therapeutic use , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/immunology , Hypertension/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Ischemia/complications , Myocardial Ischemia/immunology , Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism , Nutritive Value , Obesity/complications , Obesity/immunology , Obesity/metabolism , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
In experiment on rats it was shown a hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth oil. The decrease of cholesterol lever in rat blood was not accompanied by its increasing in a liver. The turn from a model of hypercholesterolemia to the diet with amaranth oil also prodused decreasing of cholesterol lever in rat plasma and liver as compared with control animals. In the composition of rat liver sterins the increasing of plant sterins was observed that probably was due to squalene presense in amaranth oil.
Subject(s)
Amaranthus , Diet , Hypercholesterolemia/blood , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Amaranthus/chemistry , Animals , Cholesterol/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Hypercholesterolemia/diet therapy , Liver/metabolism , Male , Plant Oils/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Squalene/administration & dosage , Squalene/chemistryABSTRACT
I month keeping of rats on the diet, which fat component (23% caloric) consisted one-half of squids liver fat, does not take effect on their internal histostructure. Insignificant fat infiltration of periportal or, more seldom, of intramedial type was discovered in liver only. As a rule, it goes with weakly pronounced proliferation of reticular-endothelial cells and insignificant infiltration of lymphoid elements, sometimes with plasmatic cells, into portal tracts.
Subject(s)
Decapodiformes , Fats/pharmacology , Liver/chemistry , Animals , Aorta/cytology , Aorta/drug effects , Heart/drug effects , Lipids/pharmacology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Lung/cytology , Lung/drug effects , Male , Myocardium/cytology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Spleen/cytology , Spleen/drug effects , Testis/cytology , Testis/drug effectsABSTRACT
One month keeping of rats on a diet with 23% fat extracted from a polar shark liver, causes not sharply pronounced fatty infiltration of liver, a moderate hyperplasia of spleen lymphoid tissue as well as its plasmatization and an increase of megakaryocytes, the predecessors of thrombocyte cells, in it.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Omega-3/toxicity , Liver/chemistry , Sharks , Spleen/pathology , Animal Feed , Animals , Fatty Liver/etiology , Fatty Liver/pathology , Hyperplasia , Liver/pathology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Spleen/drug effectsABSTRACT
The effect of lignin on some biochemical and morphological parameters was studied in rats after short-term treatment with the industrial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) sovol at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg, 5 times a week for a fortnight. Dietary supplementation of 5% lignin as the drug polyphenane did not protect the induction of the rat hepatic P-450 cytochrome monooxygenase system, which is typical of the action of PCB, but slightly modified the inducing effect of sovol. In the polyphepane-fed animals, there was a decrease in impairments of the liver structure and its more rapid normalization than in control rats. The lower hepatotoxic effect of the PCB mixture when lignin was added to the ration was likely to be associated with the action of lignin as a nonspecific polyvalent enterosorbent. It is concluded that polyphepane is a promising protective agent on exposure to PCB.
Subject(s)
Lignans/therapeutic use , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/poisoning , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Lethal Dose 50 , Lignans/pharmacology , Male , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Poisoning/prevention & control , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Effect of trans-anetol (t-An) as nutritive addition to cytochrome P-450 containing system (MOS) of liver of rats was studied. It was shown, that t-An rendered inducing action to MOS, which depended on degree of action. It was established that simultaneous effect of t-An and mixture of polychlorinated diphenyles (sovol) modified inducing action of sovol to cytochrome P-450 system, Simultaneous effect of t-An and mixture of polychlorinated diphenyles increased hepatotoxic action of these xenobiotics.
Subject(s)
Anisoles/toxicity , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/drug effects , Flavoring Agents/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism , Allylbenzene Derivatives , Animals , Anisoles/administration & dosage , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Flavoring Agents/administration & dosage , Liver/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Perinatal action of polychlorinated diphenyls on rat liver monooxygenase system in ontogenesis was studied. Significant modifications in the development of cytochrome P-450 system were noted.
Subject(s)
Liver/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Oxidoreductases/analysis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/analysis , Female , Fetus/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
A significant decrease in the total number of mitotically dividing cells (per 1 crypt), especially in the lower portions of the intestine, was observed in rats with avitaminosis A. The levelling of differences in the number of goblet cells in the upper and lower portions of the intestine was also recorded in the animals with avitaminosis A. The investigations conducted have evidenced retinol participation in differentiation and, to a lesser extent, in proliferation of epitheliocytes of the rat small intestine.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Intestine, Small/cytology , Vitamin A Deficiency/pathology , Animals , Cell Differentiation , Male , Mitosis , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Vitamin A/pharmacologySubject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Epoxide Hydrolases/metabolism , Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacology , Animals , Biotransformation/drug effects , Biotransformation/physiology , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Enzyme Activation/physiology , Male , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacokinetics , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Contents of cytochrome P-450 and b5, rates of oxidation of aniline, amidopyrine and dimethylaniline as well as activities of NADP-H- and ascorbate-dependent systems of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver microsomes five months after single administration of the mixture of polychlorinated diphenyls (PCD) significantly exceeded the control level. Starvation of the animals for 120 hours led to an additional increase of cytochrome P-450 content and LPO activation. The rat liver monooxygenase system retained the ability to respond to the inducing action of the mixture of PCD (500 mg/kg) during starvation.
Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis , Liver/drug effects , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacology , Starvation/enzymology , Animals , Cytochrome b Group/biosynthesis , Cytochromes b5 , Enzyme Induction/drug effects , Lipid Peroxides/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Male , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In is shown that administration of sovol, a mixture of polychlorinated diphenyls, in a dose of 500 mg/kg (about 1:10 LD50) induces pronounced changes in the rat liver structure, in particular, fat accumulation and diminution of RNA lump number in hepatocyte cytoplasma, alteration of nuclei, decrease in the number of hepatocytes and binuclear cells in the visual field. Structural disorders in the liver are observed during a long period (up to 5 months) and, to a certain extent, depend on the composition of the lipid component of the ration. Certain differences are recorded in the character of the morphological changes in the liver after single and repeated injections of the agent. No distinct relationship is recorded between the manifestation of hepatocyte fat infiltration and other morphological changes in the liver, and the index of microsomal cytochrome P-450 induction during sovol action.
Subject(s)
Butter , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Fatty Liver/chemically induced , Liver/pathology , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity , Animals , Enzyme Induction/drug effects , Fatty Liver/pathology , Helianthus , Liver/enzymology , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Single oral administration of sovol (mixture of polychlorinated diphenyls) caused a significant induction of the liver monooxygenase system (MOS) in rats. The inducing effect persisted for 5 months. Liver MOS responses were similar in repeated and primary sovol administrations. Differences in the morphological liver changes have been detected following single and repeated administrations of sovol.
Subject(s)
Lipid Peroxides/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Mixed Function Oxygenases/biosynthesis , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacology , Aminopyrine N-Demethylase/biosynthesis , Aniline Hydroxylase/biosynthesis , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis , Cytochrome b Group/biosynthesis , Cytochromes b5 , Enzyme Induction/drug effects , Male , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Gain in body mass, mucosal morphology and microflora of the contents of the cecum were experimentally studied in adult growing male rats kept for 15 days on parenteral (intravenous) feeding with various nutrient mixtures. The rats on parenteral feeding and the control ones fed orally (via the natural route), kept on diets including all the major nutrients, gained in body mass about 40 g, during the experiment. Body mass of the animals on parenteral feeding with mixtures not containing the nitrous component was practically unchanged by the end of the experiment in all the groups of animals. Dystrophic changes in the cecum were detected in rats kept completely on parenteral feeding. These changes manifested mainly in altered nuclear structure of cryptal epithelium, being especially grave, up to the death of cells, in cases of reduced depth of the cryptae, in rats fed diets free from nitrous components. In rats parenterally fed diets including the principal nutrients the level of anaerobic Lactobacilli in the cecum was significantly reduced, as compared to rats on natural feeding.
Subject(s)
Cecum/physiology , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Animals , Body Weight , Cecum/cytology , Cecum/microbiology , Diet , Energy Intake , Epithelial Cells , Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The small bowel mucosa of rats fed diets containing 4 and 35% of protein in terms of caloricity over 1 month demonstrated, as compared with control (18% of protein), alterations in the nuclei, in the degree of lymphoid infiltration, number of mitoses and gobiet cells in the epithelium, pointing to changes or impairment of maturation and differentiation of the cells of the epithelial layer. The degree of mucosa plasmatization was also discovered to be reduced as compared with control. The rearrangements in question attest to a decrease in the resistance of the mucosa. These rearrangements are more demonstrable in the intestine of rats which received low-protein diets, being far more pronounced in the distal parts.
Subject(s)
Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Animals , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Dietary Proteins/pharmacology , Epithelial Cells , Epithelium/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Intestine, Small/cytology , RatsABSTRACT
Administration of excess vitamin A to the growing male rats (50 000 IU of oily solution of retinol palmitate a day for 8 days) provoked a tendency toward a decrease in the number of goblet cells (of both absolute and relative number calculated per 500 cells of the epithelium) in the crypts and villi of the small intestinal mucosa, with this tendency being more marked in the inferior part of the intestine. At the same time administration of vitamin A excess increased the intensity of staining with alcyane blue of the secretion of the goblet cells, particularly on the apeces of the villi, which indicates the increased content of acid glycoconjugates in these cells. hypervitaminosis A was also accompanied by the intensification of infiltration with lymphocytes of the small intestinal epithelium and led to an increase in the number of plasma cells in the natural membrane of the villi. It is inferred that vitamin A excess produces an impairment in the program of enterocyte differentiation, characterized by both acceleration (an increase in the content of acid glycoconjugates in the goblet cells) and retardation (a decrease in the number of the goblet cells) of its individual aspects. At the same time hypervitaminosis A produces an adaptive-compensatory reaction on the part of the small intestinal mucosa, manifesting in activation of its infiltration with immunocompetent cells.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Vitamin A/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Cell Count , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Diterpenes , Hypervitaminosis A , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Intestine, Small/pathology , Lymphocytes/pathology , Male , Plasma Cells/pathology , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Retinyl Esters , Vitamin A/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The excess of vitamin A, orally administered to young albino male rats (during 8 days, per os, in total dose of 400000 ME per rat) induced a considerable decrease in the number of mitoses in the small intestine crypt glands of both its distal and proximal parts. This treatment also led to changes in the intestine mucosa morphology (decrease of the crypt depth and number of epithelial cells, lining crypts) and to the loss of the RNA content gradient along the villus. It is concluded, that in rats the small intestine mucosa is an organ-target for vitamin A, and its excess induce the inhibition of enterocyte proliferation and impairment of their differentiation.