ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: fractures involving the posterior malleolus (PM) of the ankle can have significant functional and clinical implications if not properly treated. The optimal treatment approach for these fractures remains uncertain. This review aims to compare the use of cannulated screws versus plate with screw fixation in terms of their impact on the development of postoperative ankle osteoarthritis and functional outcomes in patients with PM fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies directly comparing cannulated screws versus plate with screw fixation for PM fractures and their association with the development of postoperative osteoarthritis and functional outcomes. The quality of the included studies was assessed using appropriate assessment tools. The data on osteoarthritis development and functional outcomes were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: a total of 691 articles were screened, and several studies were included for analysis. The findings revealed no statistically significant difference in the development of postoperative ankle osteoarthritis between the cannulated screws and plate with screw fixation groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in functional outcomes between the two treatment approaches. CONCLUSION: based on the available evidence, there is no significant difference in the development of postoperative ankle osteoarthritis or functional outcomes between cannulated screws and plate with screw fixation for PM fractures. However, further research is needed to strengthen these findings and provide more conclusive evidence.
INTRODUCCIÓN: las fracturas que involucran el maléolo posterior (MP) del tobillo pueden tener importantes implicaciones funcionales y clínicas si no se tratan adecuadamente. El enfoque de tratamiento óptimo para estas fracturas sigue siendo incierto. El objetivo de esta revisión es comparar el uso de tornillos canulados versus placa con fijación de tornillos en cuanto a su impacto en el desarrollo de la osteoartrosis de tobillo postoperatoria y los resultados funcionales en pacientes con fracturas del MP. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos de PubMed, EMBASE y Cochrane Library para identificar estudios que compararan directamente tornillos canulados versus placa con fijación de tornillos para fracturas de MP y su asociación con el desarrollo de osteoartrosis postoperatoria y los resultados funcionales. La calidad de los estudios incluidos se evaluó utilizando herramientas de evaluación adecuadas. Los datos sobre el desarrollo de osteoartrosis y los resultados funcionales se extrajeron y analizaron. RESULTADOS: se revisaron un total de 691 artículos y se incluyeron varios estudios para su análisis. Los hallazgos revelaron que no hay una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el desarrollo de osteoartrosis de tobillo postoperatoria entre los grupos de tornillos canulados y placa con fijación de tornillos. Del mismo modo, no hubo una diferencia significativa en los resultados funcionales entre los dos enfoques de tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: según la evidencia disponible, no hay una diferencia significativa en el desarrollo de osteoartrosis de tobillo postoperatoria o en los resultados funcionales entre los tornillos canulados y la placa con fijación de tornillos para las fracturas del MP. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para fortalecer estos hallazgos y proporcionar evidencia más concluyente.
Subject(s)
Ankle Fractures , Osteoarthritis , Humans , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Ankle Fractures/surgery , Bone Plates , Bone Screws , Osteoarthritis/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study of the tentorial notch can improve the understanding of brain injury mechanisms. Tentorial morphology has been analysed primarily in cadaveric studies. However, the postmortem effect can cause variability in the measurements. The objective was to evaluate the morphometry of the tentorial notch and the third cranial nerve on living subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. Using consecutive cases, 60 MRI scans were analysed for tentorial notch morphology. Maximum notch width (MNW), notch length (NL), interpedunculoclival (IC) distance, apicotectal (AT) distance, third cranial nerve (CN-III) distance, and inter- CN-III angle, were obtained. For the classification of the tentorial notch quartile distribution technique for MNW, NL, AT distance, and IC distance were used. RESULTS: According to the quartile of the MNW, patients were stratified into narrow, midrange, and wide groups. Using the NL quartile groups, they were also classified as short, midrange, and long. With these, the tentorial notch could be classified into eight types. Statistical differences between genders in the MNW and inter-CN-III angle were found, as well as a strong positive correlation between NL and AT distance, and between right and left CN-III distances. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences between the cadaveric samples and living subjects in the CN-III distances. This difference could be explained by the dehydration of brain volume in the postmortem process which may cause nerve elongation. Morphometry of the tentorial notch and its neurovascular relations allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of brain herniation.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Humans , Male , Female , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , CadaverABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aims are to evaluate the morphometry of the sellar region and propose a safety window on the floor of the sella turcica for the transsphenoidal approach in a Hispanic population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 150 computed tomographic angiography sellar region images from asymptomatic patients. The images were evaluated intraobservatory by an expert radiologist. We measured: intercarotid distance of cavernous segment; depth of sella turcica; skull base angle; anterior distance, the distance between anterior spinal nasal and floor of the sella turcica; posterior distance, the distance between anterior spinal nasal and posterior wall of the sella turcica; anterior surgical angle, formed between the floor of the nostril and superior limit of the anterior wall of the sella turcica; and posterior angle, formed between the floor of the nostril and the inferior limit of the posterior wall of the sella turcica. RESULTS: Safety window was based on two measures: the intercarotid distance and depth. The mean of the safety window is 151.13 mm² and 147.60 mm² for men and women, respectively. The intercarotid distance was 17.83 mm. The depth of the sella turcica was 8.46 mm. The skull base angle was 112.13 grades. The anterior distance was 76.34 mm. The posterior distance was 87.59 mm. The anterior surgical angle was 32.76 grades. The posterior surgical angle was 87.59 grades. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical approach space is smaller in females. It could significate a more complicated surgery in this population. Anatomical understanding could reduce complications in hospitals without a neuronavigation system.
Subject(s)
Pituitary Neoplasms , Male , Humans , Female , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Sella Turcica , AngiographyABSTRACT
Intensive care units (ICU) are complex environments for the communication process between professionals. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of bedside handoff among ICU nursing professionals on patient safety. A bibliographic search (2016-2021) was made of health science databases, in line with the PRISMA statement guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed according to the type of study to be evaluated (STROBE, CASPe and TREND). Fifteen articles were included in the review. They show that the bedside handoff benefits for the safety of nursing professionals (reduces distractions, offers greater precision and prevents loss of information) and for patients (they can check that the information transmitted is true, and be involved in their own recovery process) outweigh any stress or loss of privacy that may arise.
Subject(s)
Patient Handoff , Patient Safety , Communication , Humans , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Using combined data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion and Large Hadron Colliders, we constrain the shear and bulk viscosities of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at temperatures of â¼150-350 MeV. We use Bayesian inference to translate experimental and theoretical uncertainties into probabilistic constraints for the viscosities. With Bayesian model averaging we propagate an estimate of the model uncertainty generated by the transition from hydrodynamics to hadron transport in the plasma's final evolution stage, providing the most reliable phenomenological constraints to date on the QGP viscosities.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Hallux valgus (HV) es una patología compleja del antepié, recientemente se ha mostrado interés en el componente rotacional (CR) distal del primer metatarsiano por su relación con recidivas postquirúrgicas de la deformidad. La selección de la técnica quirúrgica es controversial con escasa literatura acerca de la corrección de rotación con osteotomías comunes. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar características radiológicas prequirúrgicas y postquirúrgicas respecto a CR del primer metatarsiano en la cirugía de corrección de HV moderado a severo usando osteotomía de Chevron largo. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y comparativo en el que se evaluó el CR del primer metatarsiano en nueve pies pertenecientes a seis pacientes con una edad media de 45 años. El CR fue evaluado con base en la metáfisis proximal del primer metatarsiano en fluoroscopías axiales sin carga y AP de pie. Las mediciones se realizaron por un residente de ortopedia y traumatología y un subespecialista en cirugía de pie y Tobillo. Resultados: Se documentaron diferencias significativas (p = 0.05) en el ángulo de pronación prequirúrgico y postquirúrgico al utilizar osteotomía de Chevron largo. El resultado funcional de los pacientes evaluados fue excelente a 11 meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Radiológicamente, la corrección rotacional es variable y previamente no se ha reportado en la literatura con esta osteotomía. Se establecen bases morfológicas para la realización de estudios posteriores en la evaluación de rotación de cabeza del primer metatarsiano con diferentes osteotomías.
Abstract: Introduction. Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex forefoot pathology, in which interest has recently been shown in the distal rotational component (CR) of the first metatarsal due to its relationship with postsurgical relapses of the deformity. The selection of surgical technique is controversial with little current literature on the correction of rotation with common osteotomies. The aim of this study is to evaluate preoperative and postoperative radiological characteristics regarding CR of the first metatarsal using long Chevron osteotomy for moderate to severe HV. Material and methods: An observational, prospective and comparative study was carried out in which the CR of the first metatarsal was evaluated in nine feet belonging to six patients with a mean age of 45 years. The RC was evaluated based on the proximal metaphysis of the first metatarsal in axial fluoroscopies of unloaded metatarsals and standing AP. Measurements were performed by an Orthopedic and Traumatology resident and a Foot and Ankle Surgery subspecialist. Results: Significant differences (p = 0.05) were documented in the preoperative and postoperative pronation angle when using long Chevron osteotomy. The functional result of the evaluated patients was excellent at 11 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Radiologically, the rotational correction is variable and has not previously been reported in the literature with this osteotomy. We establishes the morphological bases for the performance of subsequent studies in the evaluation of head rotation of the 1st metatarsal with different osteotomies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Metatarsal Bones , Hallux Valgus , Osteotomy , Metatarsal Bones/surgery , Metatarsal Bones/diagnostic imaging , Hallux Valgus/surgery , Hallux Valgus/diagnostic imaging , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION.: Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex forefoot pathology, in which interest has recently been shown in the distal rotational component (CR) of the first metatarsal due to its relationship with postsurgical relapses of the deformity. The selection of surgical technique is controversial with little current literature on the correction of rotation with common osteotomies. The aim of this study is to evaluate preoperative and postoperative radiological characteristics regarding CR of the first metatarsal using long Chevron osteotomy for moderate to severe HV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, prospective and comparative study was carried out in which the CR of the first metatarsal was evaluated in nine feet belonging to six patients with a mean age of 45 years. The RC was evaluated based on the proximal metaphysis of the first metatarsal in axial fluoroscopies of unloaded metatarsals and standing AP. Measurements were performed by an Orthopedic and Traumatology resident and a Foot and Ankle Surgery subspecialist. RESULTS: Significant differences (p = 0.05) were documented in the preoperative and postoperative pronation angle when using long Chevron osteotomy. The functional result of the evaluated patients was excellent at 11 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Radiologically, the rotational correction is variable and has not previously been reported in the literature with this osteotomy. We establishes the morphological bases for the performance of subsequent studies in the evaluation of head rotation of the 1st metatarsal with different osteotomies.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Hallux valgus (HV) es una patología compleja del antepié, recientemente se ha mostrado interés en el componente rotacional (CR) distal del primer metatarsiano por su relación con recidivas postquirúrgicas de la deformidad. La selección de la técnica quirúrgica es controversial con escasa literatura acerca de la corrección de rotación con osteotomías comunes. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar características radiológicas prequirúrgicas y postquirúrgicas respecto a CR del primer metatarsiano en la cirugía de corrección de HV moderado a severo usando osteotomía de Chevron largo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y comparativo en el que se evaluó el CR del primer metatarsiano en nueve pies pertenecientes a seis pacientes con una edad media de 45 años. El CR fue evaluado con base en la metáfisis proximal del primer metatarsiano en fluoroscopías axiales sin carga y AP de pie. Las mediciones se realizaron por un residente de ortopedia y traumatología y un subespecialista en cirugía de pie y Tobillo. RESULTADOS: Se documentaron diferencias significativas (p = 0.05) en el ángulo de pronación prequirúrgico y postquirúrgico al utilizar osteotomía de Chevron largo. El resultado funcional de los pacientes evaluados fue excelente a 11 meses de seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Radiológicamente, la corrección rotacional es variable y previamente no se ha reportado en la literatura con esta osteotomía. Se establecen bases morfológicas para la realización de estudios posteriores en la evaluación de rotación de cabeza del primer metatarsiano con diferentes osteotomías.
Subject(s)
Hallux Valgus , Metatarsal Bones , Hallux Valgus/diagnostic imaging , Hallux Valgus/surgery , Humans , Metatarsal Bones/diagnostic imaging , Metatarsal Bones/surgery , Middle Aged , Osteotomy , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We address the issues raised in the Tadmor article (Tadmor, T., et al. Comment on "Comparison of the Lateral Retention Forces on Sessile, Pendant, and Inverted Sessile Drops". Langmuir 2019, 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02660). In particular, we explain why we did not use Tadmor's theory to explain our results.
ABSTRACT
Amebiasis remains a major health problem in Mexico. Therefore, the search for better culture media and low-cost diagnostic and therapeutic tools is fundamental. We present a new culture medium for Entamoeba histolytica which allows the microbe to preserve its virulence factors and ability to induce hepatic abscesses in animal models. The novel CLUPS medium is an improved version of the PEHPS medium, previously designed in our laboratory. The main difference is the substitution of raw beef liver in PEHPS by raw beef lung in the CLUPS medium. To compare the performance of three-culture media (traditional TYI-S-33, PEHPS, and CLUPS), E. histolytica trophozoites were cultured in quintuplicate, followed by the evaluation of phospholipase activity and the induction of liver abscesses in golden hamsters. E. histolytica trophozoites grew significantly better in CLUPS medium than in TYI-S-33. Likewise, CLUPS-cultured trophozoites produced significantly more phospholipases than TYI-S-33-cultured trophozoites. Finally, trophozoites grown in any of the three tested media had similar potential to induce liver abscesses.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nail psoriasis disease is associated with an increased probability of psoriatic arthritis, and its clinical signs may have different correlates with the pathogenesis of adjacent bone destruction and have different prognostic value. Recent publications about psoriasis and nail psoriatic disease describe different ultrasonographic findings but the relationship between these ungueal alterations measured by ultrasonography and the presence of enthesopathy of the extensor digitorum has yet to be discovered. OBJECTIVE: To describe which ultrasonographic characteristics of nail psoriasis are associated with the presence of subclinical enthesopathy in patients with PsO and asymptomatic PsA. METHODS: Patients with psoriasis and asymptomatic psoriatic arthritis were included in the prospective study. Demographic, clinical data and PASI and NAPSI indexes were recorded of all the patients in the assessment visit. The US assessment included Achilles tendon, extensor digitorum tendon and US scan of the nail plate, nail matrix, nail bed and adjacent skin over nail matrix of the five nails of each hand. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were included in the study; 33 of them presented ultrasound evidence of extensor digitorum tendon enthesopathy. Nails of the patients with subclinical enthesopathy had a higher NAPSI and skin thickness than the nails of the patients without subclinical enthesopathy (P = 0.047). Patients with asymptomatic enthesopathy had significantly thicker proximal nail folds (1.44 ± 0.312 vs. 1.23 ± 0.27, P = 0.023). Nail beds and matrices were also thicker but the differences were not statistically significant (1.77 ± 0.27 vs. 1.74 ± 0.21, P = 0.66, and 1.79 ± 0.28 vs. 1.67 ± 0.19, P = 0.10, respectively). No statistically significant differences in the trilaminar structure were found between both groups. Patients with and without asymptomatic enthesopathy of extensor digitorum tendons did not statistically differ as regards ultrasonographic alterations of the Achilles tendons (60.6% vs. 46.4%, P 0.368). CONCLUSION: Enthesopathy abnormalities can be detected by US in patients with psoriasis without musculoskeletal complaints frequently. There is a close relationship between subclinical enthesopathy of the extensor digitorum tendon and the presence of nail alterations. Further studies are required to research what implications have the presence of these ungual alterations measured by US, and how it affects later development of a PsA.
Subject(s)
Enthesopathy/diagnostic imaging , Nail Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Nails/diagnostic imaging , Psoriasis/diagnostic imaging , Achilles Tendon/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Arthritis, Psoriatic/complications , Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnostic imaging , Asymptomatic Diseases , Enthesopathy/complications , Female , Fingers , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nail Diseases/complications , Prospective Studies , Psoriasis/complications , Severity of Illness Index , UltrasonographySubject(s)
Diseases in Twins/radiotherapy , Glomus Tumor/radiotherapy , Infant, Premature, Diseases/radiotherapy , Lasers, Dye/therapeutic use , Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Esthetics , Follow-Up Studies , Glomus Tumor/congenital , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Shoulder , Skin Neoplasms/congenitalABSTRACT
Advances in our understanding of the biology and therapy of vascular anomalies have made this condition a common reason for consulting a dermatologist. In addition, multidisciplinary units have been created to manage patients with complex vascular anomalies. Although most vascular anomalies are diagnosed based on clinical findings, a thorough evaluation often requires additional imaging tests to determine the nature, extension, and prognosis of these lesions. Because it is fast and noninvasive, ultrasound is usually the first imaging test ordered. In the present review, we provide a state-of-the-art synthesis of key concepts in the ultrasound examination of vascular anomalies so that they are more accessible to clinicians and medical imaging specialists involved in the management of these lesions.
Subject(s)
Skin Diseases, Vascular/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
We performed a hospital-based, unmatched case-control study to investigate the association between progressive stages of cervical neoplasia and digital analysis of cell proliferation by silver stained nucleolus organizer region associated proteins (AgNORs). We measured cell proliferation levels in the cervical epithelial cells of 10 women with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LG-SIL), eight with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HG-SIL), 11 with cervical cancer (CC) and eight with no cervical lesions (controls) using the AgNORs technique. Cell proliferation was measured by digital image analysis (DIA). DIA revealed increased total areas of AgNORs in HG-SIL and CC compared to LG-SIL and control patients. AgNORs with a kidney or cluster shape exhibited greater areas than those with a spherical or long shape. We propose a cut-off of 118 pixels to differentiate benign (control and LG-SIL) from malignant (HG-SIL and CC) lesions. DIA of AgNORs is a simple and inexpensive method for studying proliferation. The increased total area of AgNORs in malignant lesions provides information regarding cell behavior and may be related to cervical carcinogenesis; however, further validation studies are required to establish its usefulness in cytological analysis.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Nuclear/metabolism , Cervix Uteri/metabolism , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/metabolism , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism , Vaginal Smears , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cell Movement/physiology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Cutaneous ultrasound is particularly useful in pediatric dermatology to diagnose numerous diseases without the need to use invasive tests. The present articles reviews some frequent dermatological entities in children whose study can be simplified through cutaneous ultrasound. This article also provides practical recommendations reported in the literature that may facilitate ultrasound examination, with special mention of benign tumoural disease, both congenital and acquired, and vascular anomalies.
Subject(s)
Dermatology , Pediatrics , Skin Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Child , Humans , Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes severe organ failure and intense inflammatory responses, which are mediated in part by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Bupropion is an antidepressant known to inhibit TNF-alpha production. We sought to examine the protective effects of bupropion on intestinal I/R injury in 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were randomized to sham surgery, 45 minutes of intestinal ischemia followed by 180 minutes reperfusion, or bupropion (100 mg/kg) before the intestinal I/R injury. To evaluate the systemic inflammatory response induced by intestinal I/R, we measured serum levels of TNF-alpha, interleukins-1 and -6, lipid peroxidation, and transaminases. Histologic analysis evaluated intestinal injury using the Chiu muscosal injury score. After I/R, Chiu score in control animals was 3.6 ± 1.2 vs 2.6 ± 0.53 in animals that received bupropion (P < .05). Bupropion pretreatment reduced intestinal. I/R injury and blunted serum elevations of TNF-alpha (0.96 ± 1.1 ng/mL vs 0.09 ± 0.06 ng/mL, P < .05) and interleukin-1 (0.53 ± 0.24 ng/mL vs 0.2 ± 0.11 ng/mL, P < .05). Bupropion in reduced intestinal I/R injury through immunomodulatory machanisms that involve inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Bupropion/pharmacology , Inflammation/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Intestines/drug effects , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Animals , Biomarkers/blood , Cytokines/blood , Cytoprotection , Disease Models, Animal , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Inflammation/metabolism , Inflammation/pathology , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Intestinal Diseases/blood , Intestinal Diseases/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestines/blood supply , Intestines/pathology , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury/blood , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sea buckthorn berries (Hippophae rhamnoides) are rich in vitamin C and E, carotenoids, flavonoids, fatty acids, plant sterols, lignans, and minerals. A feed supplement containing sea buckthorn berries might have efficacy in treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in horses. OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of a commercially available formulation of sea buckthorn berries and pulp (SeaBuck SBT Gastro-Plus) for treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in stall-confined horses. ANIMALS: Eight Thoroughbred and Thoroughbred-cross horses (3-10 years of age, 5 geldings and 3 mares, 380-600 kg body weight). METHODS: This study was a 2-period crossover in which all horses received no treatment (untreated controls; n = 8) and treatment (SeaBuckSBT Gastro-Plus, 4 ounces [35.6 g berries and pulp], twice daily; n = 8) mixed with a pelleted complete feed (18% crude fiber; 9% starch; 14% crude protein). Horses were treated for 4 weeks followed by a 1-week (d28-d35) alternating feed-deprivation period to induce or worsen existing ulcers. Gastroscopic examinations were performed on days 0, 28, and 35. Gastric juice pH was measured and gastric ulcer number and severity scores were assigned by a masked investigator. RESULTS: Mean nonglandular gastric ulcer scores significantly (P < .05) increased in all horses after day 28, as a result of intermittent feed deprivation. Mean nonglandular gastric ulcer number (P = .84) and severity (P = .51) were not significantly different between SBT-treated and untreated control horses. However, mean glandular ulcer number (P = .02) and glandular ulcer severity (P = .02) were significantly lower in the SBT-treated horses compared with the untreated control at week 5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: SeaBuck SBT Gastro-Plus liquid fed to horses did not show efficacy in treatment or prevention of naturally occurring nonglandular ulcers in horses; however, glandular ulcer scores were significantly lower in SBT-treated horses after feed deprivation. Thus, SBT might have efficacy in prevention of glandular ulcers in horses housed in stalls and undergoing intermittent feeding.
Subject(s)
Fruit , Hippophae , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Phytotherapy/veterinary , Stomach Ulcer/veterinary , Animals , Cross-Over Studies , Female , Gastric Juice/metabolism , Gastroscopy/veterinary , Horse Diseases/metabolism , Horse Diseases/pathology , Horses , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Least-Squares Analysis , Male , Seasons , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Stomach Ulcer/metabolism , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of thalidomide alone or in combination with pentoxyphylline upon intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: sham-operated (SHAM), control (CTL), thalidomide (400 mg/kg) treatment (THAL), pentoxyphylline (50 mg/kg) treatment and a combination group (THAL + POX). I/R was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 minutes, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. We measured serum concentrations of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as well as lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Intestinal samples were morphologically analyzed, and dry to wet (W/D) ratios calculated in intestinal, lung and liver samples, as a measurement of tissue edema. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of AST, LDH, and TNF-alpha were increased after I/R in the CTL compared with the SHAM group (P < .05). Lipid peroxidation was also increased, and antioxidant capacity in serum, decreased (P < .05). The W/D ratio was elevated in all tissue samples as well (P < .05). Both thalidomide and pentoxyphylline effectively reduced AST, LDH, TNF-alpha, and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as attenuated tissue edema and intestinal injury induced by I/R (P < .05). Combination treatment showed only modest additive effects on lung W/D ratio and TNF-alpha levels. CONCLUSION: Both drugs protected the intestine, lungs, and liver against intestinal I/R injury, probably by inhibition of TNF-alpha and lipid peroxidation. However, combination treatment showed small, additive effects.
Subject(s)
Intestines/blood supply , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/blood , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Thalidomide/therapeutic use , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestines/pathology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Liver/physiology , Liver/physiopathology , Lung/drug effects , Lung/physiology , Lung/physiopathology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/bloodABSTRACT
To determine the association between Human papillomavirus (HPV)-type infections with the frequency of Micronucleus (MN), a hospital-based, unmatched case-control study was carried out. We evaluated and compared the average number of MN/1,000 cells among three groups of Mexican females. Twenty one women ranging in age from 31-56 years and divided into three groups were studied. Group I comprised seven control women without cervical lesions and with HPV-negative, Group II was composed of seven women with Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) infected with low-risk HPV low-risk, and Group III was made up of seven women with SIL infected with high-risk HPV infection. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test revealed differences among Groups I (5.14+/-3.02), II (13.43+/-3.41), and III (25.43+/-3.41) (F=67.46; P=0.0001). We demonstrated an association between HPV type infection and higher MN frequencies. However, a larger controlled study with sufficient follow-up will be required to further evaluate the usefulness of this test in the clinical management of women with HPV infection.
Subject(s)
Micronucleus Tests , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Vaginal Smears , Adult , DNA, Viral/analysis , Female , Genotype , Humans , Middle Aged , Papillomaviridae/classification , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Identification of organic compounds from plants is of clinical significance because of the effect that they might have in patients with haematopoietic disorders. We studied the effect of the plant extract Justicia spicigera (Acanthaceae) in different haematopoietic cells: human leukaemic cell lines, umbilical cord blood cells, and mouse bone marrow cells. By examining colony formation and performing the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay it was shown that the plant extract of Justicia spicigera contains cytotoxic factors for leukaemic cells and has no proliferative activity on normal haematopoietic progenitor cells. Our results show that this plant extract induces apoptosis in the human leukaemia cell line TF-1, but not in the bcl-2 transfectant cell line TB-1. Similar results were obtained using a haemopoietic cell line 32D and 32DBcl2. The cultures of umbilical cord blood cells and mouse bone marrow that contain granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) do not proliferate or become terminally differentiated in the presence of the infusion of Justicia spicigera. GM-CSF that acts by abrogating programmed cell death is not sufficient to inhibit the apoptotic stimulus in TF-1 and 32D cells. Moreover mouse fibroblasts (3T3) and two cervical carcinoma cell lines CALO and INBL, undergo apoptosis in the presence of different concentrations of an infusion from the plant. Our data show that there is a strong correlation between the cytotoxic effect and cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate that the plant infusion of Justicia spicigera does not contain any haematopoietic activity, induces apoptosis inhibited by bcl-2 and is linked to cell proliferation.