An advanced TSMK-FVC approach combined with Landsat 5/8 imagery for assessing the long-term effects of terrain and climate on vegetation growth.

Introduction: As an exceptional geographical entity, the vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) exhibits high sensitivity to climate change. The Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve (BNNR) is located in the south-eastern sector of the QTP, serving as a transition area from sub-tropical evergreen broadleaf forest to high-mountain vegetation. However, there has been limited exploration into predicting the temporal and spatial variability of vegetation cover using anti-interference methods to address outliers in long-term historical data. Additionally, the correlation between these variables and environmental factors in natural forests with complex terrain has rarely been analyzed. Methods: This study has developed an advanced approach based on TS (Theil-Sen slope estimator) MK (Mann-Kendall test)-FVC (fractional vegetation cover) to accurately evaluate and predict the time and spatial shifts in FVC within the BNNR, utilizing the GEE (Google Earth Engine). The satellite data utilized in this paper consisted of Landsat images spanning from 1986 to2020. By integrating TS and MK methodologies to monitor and assess the FVC trend, the Hurst index was employed to forecast FVC. Furthermore, the association between FVC and topographic factors was evaluated, the partial correlation between FVC and climatic influences was analyzed at the pixel level (30×30m). Results and discussion: Here are the results of this research: (1) Overall, the FVC of the BNNR exhibits a growth trend, with the mean FVC value increasing from 59.40% in 1986 to 68.67% in 2020. (2) The results based on the TS-MK algorithm showed that the percentage of the area of the study area with an increasing and decreasing trend was 59.03% (significant increase of 28.04%) and 22.13% (significant decrease of 6.42%), respectively. The coupling of the Hurst exponent with the Theil-Sen slope estimator suggests that the majority of regions within the BNNR are projected to sustain an upward trend in FVC in the future. (3) Overlaying the outcomes of TS-MK with the terrain factors revealed that the FVC changes were notably influenced by elevation. The partial correlation analysis between climate factors and vegetation changes indicated that temperature exerts a significant influence on vegetation cover, demonstrating a high spatial correlation.

USP3 inhibition is Active Against Chemo-resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma Anchorage-independent Growth via Suppressing Wnt/ß-catenin.

BACKGROUND: USPs are a family of enzymes that regulate protein degradation, and their dysregulation has been implicated in the development and progression of cancer. AIMS: This study aimed to determine whether ubiquitin-specific proteases 3 (USP3) could be a potential target for therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in resistant HCC. This study systematically investigated the role of USP3 in HCC, with a focus on chemo-resistant HCC cells. METHODS: The level of USP3 from clinical samples was measured using an ELISA assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed. Transfection was performed to knock down USP3 expression and measure ß-catenin activity, and real-time PCR was used to measure levels of MYC and CYCLIN D1 genes. RESULTS: USP3 protein was upregulated in HCC tissues, but its upregulation was not associated with clinicopathology. USP3 knockdown had a similar inhibitory effect on growth in both sensitive and resistant HCC cells, did not affect migration, and induced apoptosis in sensitive but not resistant HCC cells. Furthermore, USP3 knockdown was more effective in suppressing anchorage-independent colony formation in chemoresistant HCC cells compared to their chemo-sensitive counterparts. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between USP3 and CTNNB1, and consistently, USP3 knockdown reduced the levels and activities of ß-catenin in HCC cells. Using a Wnt activator (lithium) in rescue studies significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of USP3 knockdown. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that inhibiting USP3 is an effective strategy against cancer stem cells and chemo-resistant HCC cells.

[Clinical effect of Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation in the treatment of pediatric both-bone forearm fractures at high altitude area].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation in the treatment of both-bone forearm fractures in children of high altitude area. METHODS: From August 2020 to December 2021, 19 children were treated with Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation including 11 males and 8 females, aged from 4 to 13 years old with an average of (8.16±2.71) years old. The course of disease was 1 to 10 days, with a mean of (4.11±2.51) d. First, close reduction was performed. If the reduction was unsuccessful, limited open reduction was performed, followed by Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation of the radius and ulna. The fracture healing was evaluated by X-ray after operation, and the curative effect was evaluated by Anderson forearm function score standard. RESULTS: The wound healed well after operation, 2 cases had clinical manifestations of needle tail irritation after operation, and the symptoms disappeared after removing the internal fixation. The average follow-up time was(7.68±3.50) months (3 to 14 months). X-ray showed that all fracture healing in follow-up, Anderson forearm function score showed excellent in 16 cases, good in 2 cases and fair in 1 case at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Children with fractures in plateau areas often have delayed medical treatment, lack of medical conditions and insufficient compliance. Based on these characteristics, Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation for the treatment of children's double forearm fractures has the advantages of small injury and rapid recovery. It is a kind of operation method that can be popularized.

[Intra-annual radial growth of Abies georgei and Larix potaninii and its responses to environmental factors in the Baima Snow Mountain, Northwest Yunnan, China.] / æ»‡è¥¿åŒ—ç™½é©¬é›ªå±±é•¿è‹žå†·æ‰å’Œå¤§æžœçº¢æ‰å¹´å† å¾„å‘ç”Ÿé•¿åŠ¨æ€åŠå ¶å¯¹çŽ¯å¢ƒå› å­çš„å“åº”.

Using high-resolution dendrometers, we monitored the intra-annual stem radial variations of Abies georgei and Larix potaninii in the subalpine coniferous forest in Baima Snow Mountain, Northwest Yunnan Province. The seasonal dynamics of stem radial growth of both species and their responses to environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the stem radial growth of A. georgei and L. potaninii mainly occurred during April to August, with the maximum growth rate in June. Compared with A. georgei, L. potaninii showed an earlier start but later cessation of stem radial growth, resulting in longer growth duration. Annual radial growth and maximum radial growth rates of L. potaninii were slightly higher than those of A. georgei. Daily growth rate of A. georgei was positively correlated with precipitation, but negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit and air temperature. Daily growth rate of L. potaninii was positively correlated with precipitation, but negatively correlated with soil volume water content and vapor pressure deficit. Radial growth of A. georgei and L. potaninii was limited by water availability, with L. potaninii being more sensitive to moisture. Under the background of global warming, the increase of plant transpiration and soil evaporation might further aggravate soil water loss and reduce water availability for plants, which would make A. georgei and L. potaninii more vulnerable to drought stress.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring of Cerebral Oxygenation and Influencing Factors in Neonates from High-Altitude Areas.

BACKGROUND: Accurate detection of cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) may be useful for neonatal brain injury prevention, and the normal range of rSO2 of neonates at high altitude remained unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare cerebral rSO2 and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) at high-altitude and low-altitude areas in healthy neonates and neonates with underlying diseases. METHODS: 515 neonates from low-altitude areas and 151 from Tibet were enrolled. These neonates were assigned into the normal group, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group, and other diseases group. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure rSO2 in neonates within 24 h after admission. The differences of rSO2, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), and cFTOE levels were compared between neonates from low- and high-altitude areas. RESULTS: (1) The mean rSO2 and cFTOE levels in normal neonates from Tibet were 55.0 ± 6.4% and 32.6 ± 8.5%, significantly lower than those from low-altitude areas (p < 0.05). (2) At high altitude, neonates with HIE, pneumonia (p < 0.05), anemia, and congenital heart disease (p < 0.05) have higher cFTOE than healthy neonates. (3) Compared with HIE neonates from plain areas, neonates with HIE at higher altitude had lower cFTOE (p < 0.05), while neonates with heart disease in plateau areas had higher cFTOE than those in plain areas (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rSO2 and cFTOE levels in normal neonates from high-altitude areas are lower than neonates from the low-altitude areas. Lower cFTOE is possibly because of an increase in blood flow to the brain, and this may be adversely affected by disease states which may increase the risk of brain injury.

[Value of sTREM-1 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, APACHE II score, and SOFA score in evaluating the conditions and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of the level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in evaluating the conditions and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 76 children with severe pneumonia who were admitted from August 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled as the severe pneumonia group. According to the treatment outcome, they were divided into a non-response group with 34 children and a response group with 42 children. Ninety-four children with common pneumonia who were admitted during the same period of time were enrolled as the common pneumonia group. One hundred healthy children who underwent physical examination in the outpatient service during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. The serum level of sTREM-1, APACHE II score, and SOFA score were measured for each group, and the level of sTREM-1 in BALF was measured for children with severe pneumonia. The correlation of the above indices with the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children was analyzed. RESULTS: The severe pneumonia group had significantly higher serum sTREM-1 level, APACHEII score, and SOFA score than the common pneumonia group and the control group (P<0.05). For the children with severe pneumonia, the non-response group had significant increases in the levels of sTREM-1 in serum and BALF and SOFA score on day 7 after admission, while the response group had significant reductions in these indices, and there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Positive correlation was found between any two of serum sTREM-1, BALF sTREM-1, and SOFA score (P<0.05). APACHE II score was not correlated with serum sTREM-1, BALF sTREM-1, and SOFA score (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The level of sTREM-1 in serum and BALF and SOFA score can be used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children.

[Degradation of quinclorac by corncob, bamboo charcoal, canola meal adsorption-sodium alginate immobilized Pseudomonas stutzeri PFS-4]. / 玉米芯、竹炭及油枯吸附-æµ·è—»é ¸é’ åŒ åŸ‹æ–½æ°å‡å•èƒžèŒPFS-4å¯¹äºŒæ°¯å–¹å•‰é ¸çš„é™è§£.

To enhance the degradation of quinclorac in soil and water, corncob, bamboo charcoal, canola meal and sodium alginate were used as complex carriers to immobilize previously isolated bacterial strain Pseudomonas stutzeri PFS-4. Orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize immobilization condition, and the degradation efficiency of quinclorac by immobilized bacteria and free bacteria in water and soil were further investigated. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for immobilization were: alginate concentration 4%, proportion of adsorption carrier (corncob: bamboo charcoal: canola meal=1:2:1), calcium chloride 3%, crosslinking time 4 h. Immobilized bacteria and free bacteria could effectively degrade 91.4% and 72.8% of quinclorac (800 mg·L-1) after 6 d inoculation at 30 ℃ and pH 7.0. The removal rates of quinclorac by immobilized bacteria and free bacteria were affected in actual wastewater and soil treatments, but the quinclorac removal rate remained at 84.2% in soil and 74.3% in water, respectively. The results also demonstrated that the carrier and entrapment media significantly affected the quinclorac removal in soil, and the degradation rate of quinclorac in soil was significantly positively correlated with turnover frequency. Therefore, the approach of corncob, bamboo charcoal, canola meal adsorption-sodium alginate immobilized P. stutzeri PFS-4 possesses application potential in in situ remediation of quinclorac contaminated water and soil due to its buffering to adverse conditions.

[Epidemiological Survey on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Lhasa City in 2014].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in Lhasa, Tibet. Methods: The residents in Chengguan District, Dangxiong County, Dazi County and Qushui County were selected to participate in the study in 2014, using the stratified random sampling method. Infections with the soil-borne nematodes in feces were examined in triplicates using the Kato-Katz method. Further, the Enterobius vermicularis were examined using the cellophane anal swab method in children aged 3-12 years, and the intestinal protozoa were detected by iodine staining. The parasitic infection was analyzed by sex, age, and occupation. Comparisons were made using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 1 015 residents（39.3±18.2 years: age range, 1-89 years） participated in the study, including 391 males（38.6%） and 623 females（61.4%）. Two hundred and forty-nine participants were positive for parasitic infections, with an overall infection rate of 24.5%（249/1 015）. The infection rate was 21.7%（220/1 015） for Taenia sp., 0.2%（2/1 015） for Trichuris trichiura and E. vermicularis respectively, 4.1%（42/1 015） for Entamoeba coli, 0.4%（4/1 015） for Giardia lamblia, 0.2%（2/1 015） for Iodamoeba butschlii. No infection was found for other parasites. There was no significant sexual difference in the infection rate of Taenia (male 21.2%, 83/391; female 22.0%, 137/624), T. trichiura (male 0; female 0.3%, 2/624), E. vermicularis (male 0.3%, 2/391; female 0.2%, 1/624), E. coli (male 5.4%, 21/391; female 3.4%, 21/624), G. lamblia (male 0.8%, 3/391; female 0.2%, 1/624), or I. butschlii (male 0; female 0.3%, 2/624) (P>0.05). The Taenia sp. infection rate in the age groups of 0-17, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and ≥ 60 years was 10.9%（18/165）, 14.0%（18/129）, 23.0%（43/187）, 25.3%（61/241）, 26.5%（41/155）, and 28.3%（39/138）, respectively, with significant differences between groups of 0-17 and 40-49 years and between groups of 50-59 and ≥ 60 years (P<0.01). The infection rate of E. coli, T. trichiura and I. butschlii was highest in the age group of 50-59 years（6.5%, 10/155; 0.7%, 1/155; 1.3%, 2/155 respectively）. Among various occupations, farmers showed the highest infection rate for Taenia（44.5%, 147/330）, E. coli（6.4%, 21/33）, E. vermicularis （0.6%, 2/330） and I. butschlii（0.3%, 1/330）; housewives had the highest infection rate for T. trichiura（2.5%, 1/40）; and the students had the highest infection rate for G. lamblia (0.7%, 1/134). Conclusion: There are infections with various intestinal parasites in the participants of Lhasa City, among which taenia infection reaches 20.7% while others have a low level of infection.

Epidemiology and risk factor analysis for canine echinococcosis in a Tibetan pastoral area of Sichuan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and evaluate the risk factors of canine echinococcosis based on a field survey of dog infections with Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis in Chalong, Kalong, Dade and Chazha Townships in a district of Ganzi County, Sichuan Province, China. METHOD: Questionnaire associated with the acquisition of canine echinococcosis was administered to dog owners. Stray dogs were examined post-mortem and rectal faeces at necropsy were collected to validate a copro-antigen ELISA. Owned dogs were screened for Echinococcus spp. infection in faeces using the genus specific copro-ELISA and the effectiveness of dog treatment was assessed. Chi-square and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of Echinococcus spp. infection at necropsy in stray dogs was 60.9% (14/23) in 2000; E. multilocularis infection accounted for 34.8% (8/23) and E. granulosus for 26.1% (6/23). The specificity of the copro-ELISA was 80.0% and the sensitivity was 92.3%, compared with the results at necropsy. Fifty percent of owned dogs (290/580) tested was copro-antigen positive at the beginning of the project in 2000, which decreased to 17% (99/580) in the same cohort of owned dogs after praziquantel treatment (5 mg/ kg) at 6-monthly period from 2003 to 2005. Analysis for risk factors associated with copro-antigen positive dogs showed that the never tethered dogs had a higher rate (40.4%, 65/161) than dogs tethered during the day (32.3%, 109/337), or tethered at night [29.2% (21/72)], or those always tethered [20%(2/10)](P<0.01). Dogs that their owners lacked hydatid transmission knowledge [38.1% (121/318)] and did not have de-worming practice [47.7% (92/193)] had significantly higher copro-antigen positive rate than those dogs that their owners knew relevant knowledge [28.6% (75/262)] and were dewormed regularly [20.4% (79/387)](P<0.05 and P<0.01). There was no correlation between the prevalence and dog sex or age or the varieties of livestock that the owner raised. CONCLUSION: Local dogs show high prevalence with both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis. The copro-ELISA can be used to detect infection of Echinococcus in dogs. Allowing dogs to roam, lack of the basic knowledge of hydatid disease transmission and no de-worming practice for dogs are significant factors for the transmission of canine echinococcosis.