Vitamin D content and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D levels in patients with epilepsy (PWE) were systematically evaluated, and the differences between subgroups were analyzed. Method: We identified all articles investigating the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with epilepsy from the database established in March 2024 from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. We divided them into anti-seizure medication (ASM) interventions and non-ASM interventions according to whether or not someone used ASM. Results: A total of 68 articles were included. The prevalence of newly diagnosed epilepsy was 50.2% (95% CI: 38.7-61.7%), and the prevalence after ASM intervention was 47.9% (95% CI: 40-55.9%), including 7,070 patients with epilepsy. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed according to the diagnostic criteria, economic development level, region, age, ASM treatment, and other factors. The results showed that the differences were not significant. In addition, the vitamin D content of epilepsy patients (18.719 ng/mL) was lower than that of healthy people (20.295 ng/mL). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with epilepsy is very high. Still, the related factors have little effect on the high prevalence of vitamin D in epilepsy, and ASM intervention can reduce the vitamin D content in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, it is emphasized that monitoring vitamin D levels is part of the routine management of patients with epilepsy. Systematic review registration: The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). (registration number CRD42023493896). https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ # myprospero.

Eccentric Compression Behavior of Truss-Reinforced Cross-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns.

In the paper, the eccentric compression behavior of the truss-reinforced cross-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular (CCFST) column is investigated. A total of eighteen CCFST columns were tested under eccentric compression, and the key test variables included the reinforced truss node spacing (s = 140 mm and 200 mm), slenderness ratio (λ = 9.2, 16.6, and 23.1), and eccentricity ratio (η = 0, 0.08, and 0.15). The failure mode, deformation characteristic, stress distribution, strain distribution at the mid-span of the steel tube, and the eccentric compression bearing capacity were assessed. The results show that due to the addition of reinforced truss, the steel plates near the mid-span of eccentrically compressed CCFST columns experienced multi-wave buckling rather than single-wave buckling after the peak load was reduced to 85%, and the failure mode of concrete also changed from single-section to multi-section collapse failure. Comparisons were made with the unstiffened specimen. The ductility coefficient of the stiffened specimen with eccentricity ratios of 0.08-0.15 and node spacings of 140 mm~200 mm increased by 70~83%, approaching that of the multi-cell specimens with an increasing steel ratio of 1.8%. In addition, by comparing the test results with the calculation results of four domestic and international design codes, it was found that the Chinese codes CECS159-2018 and GB50936-2014, and the Eurocode 4 (2004) can be better employed to predict the compression bearing capacity of truss-reinforced CCFST columns.

Reforming China's Secondary Vocational Medical Education: Adapting to the Challenges and Opportunities of the AI Era.

Unlabelled: China's secondary vocational medical education is essential for training primary health care personnel and enhancing public health responses. This education system currently faces challenges, primarily due to its emphasis on knowledge acquisition that overshadows the development and application of skills, especially in the context of emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This article delves into the impact of AI on medical practices and uses this analysis to suggest reforms for the vocational medical education system in China. AI is found to significantly enhance diagnostic capabilities, therapeutic decision-making, and patient management. However, it also brings about concerns such as potential job losses and necessitates the adaptation of medical professionals to new technologies. Proposed reforms include a greater focus on critical thinking, hands-on experiences, skill development, medical ethics, and integrating humanities and AI into the curriculum. These reforms require ongoing evaluation and sustained research to effectively prepare medical students for future challenges in the field.

Effective peroxymonosulfate activation by lithium cobaltite recovered from spent lithium-ion batteries for enhanced carbamazepine degradation in a wide pH range.

Considering the high cost and complicated recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs), transforming SLIBs into environment functional materials may be a wise approach. Herein, lithium cobaltite (LCO) cathode powders recovered from SLIBs were used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for removing carbamazepine (CBZ). The recovered LCO enables a 98.2% removal efficiency of CBZ (2.5 mg/L) within 10 min, which was effective at a broader pH range (pH = 5.0-11.0). The influence of key factors (initial pH, PMS, and catalyst dosage) and coexisting substances (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, Cl-, HCO3-, and HA) on CBZ degradation were examined in detail. The primary radical species during the degradation of CBZ were proved to be 1O2, SO4-, and.OH that generated from PMS activation initiated by the valence change of Co in recovered LCO. The recovered LCO displayed excellent reusability with about 80.0% removal of CBZ after six cycles. Homogeneous activation of PMS mainly contributed to CBZ degradation in the first run, but the recovered LCO catalyst dominated the heterogeneous activation of PMS for the degradation of CBZ in the second to sixth run. Finally, the CBZ degradation pathways were presented based on the identified intermediates. This research has offered a new strategy of "treating wastes with wastes" to maximize the recycling of electronic wastes to remove emerging pollutants.

Influence of Transverse Abdominis Plane Block on Intraoperative Diaphragmatic and Respiratory Functions in Patients Receiving Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery.

Background: The positive roles of deep muscle relaxation in abdominal surgeries and transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in the postoperative analgesia. This study aimed to discuss the effects of TAPB on abdominal muscle relaxation, the intraoperative diaphragmatic, and the respiratory functions. Methods: The patients were randomly divided into the TAPB group who received single-shot TAPB bilaterally (n=30), and the control group who did not receive TAPB (n=30). Both groups keep the same steps for other procedures in the surgeries and anesthesia. Four time points for monitoring were defined: The moment when pneumoperitoneum pressure stabilized following endotracheal intubation and anesthetic induction (T0), appearance of the first incisure in the pressure-volume (P-V) loop (T1), appearance of the second incisure in the P-V loop (T2), and the moment with single stimulation (SS) =20% (T3). Primary observation parameters were SS1 measured by muscle relaxation monitoring at T1, and SS2 at T2. Secondary observation parameters included surgeon's satisfaction with surgical field and respiratory dynamics at the four time points. Results: The two groups were comparable in age, gender, BMI, ASA grade, and operation time. The TAPB group had a dramatic reduction in the total dose of intraoperative sufentanil (0.73±0.21 ug/kg) compared with the control group (0.87±0.18 ug/kg) (P=0.023); Other use of drug did not differ between the two groups. The two groups did not differ significantly in SS at either T1 (SS1) or T2 (SS2). In either group, surgeon's satisfaction with surgical field at T1 and T2 decreased dramatically compared with T0 and T3 (all P<0.05). At each time point, the respiratory dynamics and the surgeon's satisfaction with surgical field did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: TAPB reduced the use of intraoperative analgesics without altering the degree of abdominal relaxation, or affecting surgeon's satisfaction with surgical field in the patients receiving laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

A pilot study on the characterization and correlation of oropharyngeal and intestinal microbiota in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of childhood and adolescence, showing a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. A study indicated that the composition of the oropharyngeal and gut microbiota changed in T1DM. However, no studies have yet associated the changes between the microbiomes of the oropharyngeal and intestinal sites, nor between the flora and clinical indicators. In this study, we examined the composition and characteristics of oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in patients with T1DM in compared to healthy children. We identified correlations between oropharyngeal and intestinal flora and evaluated their association with clinical laboratory tests in patients with T1DM. Methods: The oropharyngeal and fecal samples from 13 T1DM and 20 healthy children were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA. The associations between microbes and microorganisms in oropharyngeal and fecal ecological niches, as well as the correlation between these and clinical indicators were further analyzed. Results: It was revealed that T1DM children had distinct microbiological characteristics, and the dominant oropharyngeal microbiota genus included Streptococcus, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria; that of intestinal microbiota included Blautia, Fusicatenibacter, Bacteroides, and Eubacterium_hallii_group. Furthermore, oropharyngeal Staphylococcus was significantly positively correlated with intestinal norank_f__Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus_torques_group in TIDM children. Moreover, in these children, differential genes in oropharyngeal and intestinal samples were enriched in metabolic pathways such as amino acid generation, fatty acid metabolism, and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis. Additionally, correlation analysis between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiome with laboratory tests showed significant correlations between several bacterial taxa in the oropharynx and intestines and glycated hemoglobin and C-peptide. Conclusion: Unique microbial characteristics were found in the oropharynx and intestine in children with T1DM compared to healthy children. Positive correlations were found between changes in the relative abundance of oropharyngeal and gut microbiota in children with T1DM. Associations between the oropharyngeal/intestinal microbiota and laboratory investigations in children with T1DM suggest that the composition of the oropharyngeal and intestinal flora in children with T1DM may have some impact on glycemic control.

Visible-Light-Promoted Thiolation of Benzyl Chlorides with Thiosulfonates via a Photoactive Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex.

Visible-light-promoted thiolation of benzyl chlorides with thiosulfonates is disclosed via an electron donor-acceptor complex strategy. In addition to efficiently delivering a series of arylbenzylsulfide compounds, versatile thioglycosides were also successfully constructed by applying the metal- and photocatalyst-free protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical-radical coupling process was involved in this transformation.

Characterization of Therapeutic Antibody Charge Heterogeneity Under Stress Conditions by Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry.

Therapeutic antibodies are a major class of biopharmaceutics that are applied in disease treatment because of their many advantages, including high specificity and high affinity to molecular targets. Between their production and administration, therapeutic antibodies are exposed to multiple stress conditions. Forced degradation and stress stability studies are conducted to simulate the risk of degradation and the effects of these stresses, thereby enhancing understanding of the drug product to support strategies to mitigate the impact from stressed conditions. These types of studies are also routinely conducted to evaluate product comparability when major process changes are implemented during the production. Charge variant analysis helps understand the changes in the electrostatic environment of biotherapeutics and can uncover underlying molecular level alterations associated with charge variants. Herein, we used ZipChip native capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (nCE-MS) to elucidate the changes in charge variant profiles at the molecular level. In two case studies under thermal stress conditions, we observed that charge variants arose from both post-translational modifications (including deamidation, oxidation, and pyroglutamate formation) and sequence truncations at the hinge regions. Under oxidative stress conditions, oxidation was found to be the major contributor to the changes in the charge variant profiles. Under pH stress conditions, the changes in the charge variant profile were due to increased levels of deamidation, oxidation, and pyroglutamate formation. ZipChip nCE-MS analysis enables identification of charge variant species under various stress conditions, thus supporting process and formulation development of biotherapeutics.

FCMSTrans: Accurate Prediction of Disease-Associated nsSNPs by Utilizing Multiscale Convolution and Deep Feature Combination within a Transformer Framework.

Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs), implicated in over 6000 diseases, necessitate accurate prediction for expedited drug discovery and improved disease diagnosis. In this study, we propose FCMSTrans, a novel nsSNP predictor that innovatively combines the transformer framework and multiscale modules for comprehensive feature extraction. The distinctive attribute of FCMSTrans resides in a deep feature combination strategy. This strategy amalgamates evolutionary-scale modeling (ESM) and ProtTrans (PT) features, providing an understanding of protein biochemical properties, and position-specific scoring matrix, secondary structure, predicted relative solvent accessibility, and predicted disorder (PSPP) features, which are derived from four protein sequences and structure-oriented characteristics. This feature combination offers a comprehensive view of the molecular dynamics involving nsSNPs. Our model employs the transformer's self-attention mechanisms across multiple layers, extracting higher-level and abstract representations. Simultaneously, varied-level features are captured by multiscale convolutions, enriching feature abstraction at multiple echelons. Our comparative analyses with existing methodologies highlight significant improvements made possible by the integrated feature fusion approach adopted in FCMSTrans. This is further substantiated by performance assessments based on diverse data sets, such as PredictSNP, MMP, and PMD, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.869, 0.819, and 0.693, respectively. Furthermore, FCMSTrans shows robustness and superiority by outperforming the current best predictor, PROVEAN, in a blind test conducted on a third-party data set, achieving an impressive AUC score of 0.7838. The Python code of FCMSTrans is available at https://github.com/gc212/FCMSTrans for academic usage.

A QTL of eggplant shapes the rhizosphere bacterial community, co-responsible for resistance to bacterial wilt.

Resistant crop cultivars can recruit beneficial rhizobacteria to resist disease. However, whether this recruitment is regulated by quantitative trait loci (QTL) is unclear. The role of QTL in recruiting specific bacteria against bacterial wilt (BW) is an important question of practical significance to disease management. Here, to identify QTL controlling BW resistance, Super-BSA was performed in F2 plants derived from resistant eggplant cultivar R06112 × susceptible cultivar S55193. The QTL was narrowed down through BC1F1-BC3F1 individuals by wilting symptoms and KASP markers. Rhizosphere bacterial composition of R06112, S55193, and resistant individuals EB158 (with the QTL) and susceptible individuals EB327 (without QTL) from BC2F1 generation were assessed by Illumina sequencing-based analysis, and the activation of plant immunity by the bacterial isolates was analyzed. Evidence showed that BW-resistant is controlled by one QTL located at the 270 kb region on chromosome 10, namely EBWR10, and nsLTPs as candidate genes confirmed by RNA-Seq. EBWR10 has a significant effect on rhizobacteria composition and significantly recruits Bacillus. pp. A SynCom of three isolated Bacillus. pp trains significantly reduced the disease incidence, changed activities of CAT, PPO, and PAL and concentration of NO, H2O2, and O2-, activated SA and JA signaling-dependent ISR, and displayed immune activation against Ralstonia solanacearum in eggplant. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the QTL can recruit beneficial rhizobacteria, which jointly promote the suppression of BW. This method charts a path to develop the QTL in resistant cultivar-driven probiotics to ameliorate plant diseases.

The association between levosimendan and mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Levosimendan is increasingly being used in patients with sepsis or septic shock because of its potential to improve organ function and reduce mortality. We aimed to determine if levosimendan can reduce mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock via meta-analysis. EVIDENCE SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: We comprehensively searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception through 1 October 2022. Literature evaluating the efficacy of levosimendan in patients with sepsis or septic shock was included. DATA EXTRACTION AND OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Two reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate an odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P -values for 28-day mortality (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included changes in indexes reflecting cardiac function before and after treatment, changes in serum lactate levels in the first 24 h of treatment, and the mean SOFA score during the study period. Safety outcomes included rates of tachyarrhythmias and total adverse reactions encountered with levosimendan. RESULTS: Eleven randomized controlled trials were identified, encompassing a total of 1044 patients. After using levosimendan, there was no statistical difference between groups for 28-day mortality (34.9% and 36.2%; OR: 0.93; 95% CI [0.72-1.2]; P  = 0.57; I 2  = 0%; trial sequential analysis-adjusted CI [0.6-1.42]) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and more adverse reactions seemed to occur in the levosimendan group, although the septic shock patient's heart function and serum lactate level improved. CONCLUSION: There was no association between the use of levosimendan and 28-day mortality and SOFA scores in patients with septic shock, though there was statistically significant improvement in cardiac function and serum lactate.

Shelf-life extension of soy sauce by using chitosan oligosaccharides combined with tea polyphenols.

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COs) and tea polyphenols (TPs) have antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study aims to explore the preservative effects of 0.1 % COs alone and combined with 0.08 % TPs on soy sauce during room-temperature storage. Soy sauce treated with 0.1 % COs alone and combined with 0.08 % TPs had lower total bacterial count, Escherichia coli count and pH, and higher amino acid nitrogen and overall likeness score than those of the control group during room-temperature storage. Treatment with 0.1 % COs combined with 0.08 % TPs extended the shelf life of soy sauce by at least 15 months compared with the control group. Results showed 0.1 % COs combined with 0.08 % TPs may be a feasible method to extend the shelf life of soy sauce during room-temperature storage.

Public opinion communication mechanism of public health emergencies in Weibo: take the COVID-19 epidemic as an example.

As a major public health emergency, the COVID-19 epidemic not only has a real risk of infection, but also easily generates public opinion risks. Under the condition of social communication of microblog, how to effectively identify public opinion and the harm of public health emergencies, avoid the overlay of real risk of epidemic and network public opinion risk, and prevent and resolve major public opinion risks is an important public opinion research topic in the new era. Taking the most influential outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia in China in 2020 as an example, this paper discusses the effect of sudden major public health cases on Chinese microblogs and the spreading mechanism of public opinion. This paper mainly explores the communication motivation of public opinion from the four communication elements of the microblog public opinion center, public opinion object, public opinion carrier and public opinion ontology. And combined with the life cycle theory, this study analyzes the interaction between the communication elements of public opinion in different stages. In the fluctuation period of public opinion, the amount of public opinion information decreases relatively, and the frequent occurrence of secondary public opinion in the outbreak period promotes the continuation of public opinion. Compared with the diversified demands of public materials and medical assistance during the pandemic, public opinion in the fluctuation period reacts on the epidemic situation, which to some extent alleviates the tension of the epidemic situation. Based on this, this study puts forward the guidance strategy of public opinion of public health emergencies.

A Novel SCN1A Mutation Associated With Reflex Seizures Induced by Movements.

A 14-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to epileptic seizures, which occurred at the beginning of running exercise after being stopped and fast walking. Seizures were consistently characterized by a dystonic posture of the distal portion of the left arm-flexed and adducted by the chest without loss of consciousness. We suspected that this was movement-induced reflex epilepsy and performed whole exome sequencing. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel SCN1A missense mutation, c.5549T>G (p.Ile1850Ser). SCN1A mutations have not been reported in patients with reflex epilepsy induced by movement. This report enriches the genotypes and phenotypes of SCN1A-related epilepsy and provides further insight into the etiology of reflex epilepsy induced by movement.

Prevalence of cerebral palsy comorbidities in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to comprehensively understand the comorbidity of cerebral palsy (CP) in China. Methods: We searched through databases in both Chinese and English until December 2022 to gather cross-sectional studies on the comorbidity of CP in China. After two reviewers independently screened the articles, collected the data, and assessed the bias risk, a meta-analysis was conducted using the Stata 17.0 software. Results: A total of 73 articles were included. Of these, 16 articles reported total comorbidity, with a prevalence of 79.7% (95% CI: 73.8-85.7%); 56 articles reported epilepsy, with a prevalence of 17.9% (95% CI: 15.4-20.4%); 48 articles reported intellectual disability, with a prevalence of 58.0% (95% CI: 51.8-64.3%); 32 articles reported speech disorders, with a prevalence of 48.0% (95% CI: 41.6-54.4%); 41 articles reported hearing disorders, with a prevalence of 17.2% (95% CI: 13.0-21.4%); and 35 articles reported vision disorders, with a prevalence of 23.1% (95% CI: 16.3-29.8%). The topographical type of CP was the primary source of heterogeneity in the prevalence of epilepsy. Diagnostic criteria for CP, clinical type of CP, GMFCS, publishing time, and topographical type of CP were the primary sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence of intellectual disability. Clinical type of CP and topographical type were the primary sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence of speech disorders. Finally, the region was the primary source of heterogeneity in the prevalence of hearing disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of comorbidities in CP is high in China. Comorbidities are related to the characteristics, severity, and risk factors of brain insult and have a particular relationship with regional economic development and medical and health levels.

Inhibitive effects of phytic acid combined with glutathione on the browning and oxidation of King Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) slices during drying and storage.

Phytic acid and glutathione can inhibit polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and suppress browning. This study investigated the effects of phytic acid alone (Treatment-1) or combined with glutathione (Treatment-2) on inhibiting browning and oxidation resistance of King Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) slices during drying and storage. In King Oyster mushroom slices, 0.08% phytic acid combined with 0.1% glutathione inhibited the PPO activity by 97.6%, suppressed browning by 78.09% after 6 h of drying at 60 °C and inhibited browning by 69.93% and oxidation by 78.75% after 12 months of storage at âˆ¼ 20 °C. Results indicated that using phytic acid combined with glutathione may inhibit browning and suppress the oxidation of King Oyster mushroom slices during drying and storage.

Bamboo expansion promotes radial growth of surviving trees in a broadleaf forest.

Introduction: Considerable evidence indicates that some trees are more vulnerable than others during bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) expansion, which can affect plant community structure and alter the environment, but there has been insufficient research on the growth status of surviving individuals in colonized forests. Methods: In this study, we compared the annual growth increment, growth rate, and onset, cessation, and duration of radial growth of Alniphyllum fortunei, Machilus pauhoi, and Castanopsis eyrei in a bamboo-expended broadleaf forest (BEBF) and a bamboo-absent broadleaf forest (BABF) using high-resolution point dendrometers. Results: We found that the annual radial growth of A. fortunei, M. pauhoi, and C. eyrei was 22.5%, 172.2%, and 59.3% greater in BEBF than in BABF, respectively. The growth rates of M. pauhoi and C. eyrei in BEBF were significantly higher than in BABF by13.9 µm/d and 19.6 µm/d, whereas A. fortunei decreased significantly by 7.9 µm/d from BABF to BEBF. The onset and cessation of broad-leaf tree growth was later, and the growth duration was longer in BEBF compared to BABF. For example, A. fortunei and M. pauhoi in BEBF had more than one month longer growth duration than in BABF. Additionally, the nighttime growth rates of some surviving broad-leaf trees in BEBF was significantly higher than that in BABF. Discussion: These results suggest that the surviving trees have plasticity and can adapt to atmospheric changes and competitive relationships after expansion of bamboo in one of two ways: by increasing their growth rates or by modifying onset and cessation of growth to extend the growth duration of trees or avoid the period of intense competition with bamboo, thereby growing better. Our research reveals for the first time how the growth of surviving broad-leaf trees adjusts to bamboo expansion. These results provide insights into how biological expansions impact primary production and have implications for forest management in the Anthropocene.

Prevalence and related factors of epilepsy in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To study the worldwide prevalence and associated factors of epilepsy in children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and to analyze the differences between various subgroups. Method: We identified all potential studies on the prevalence of epilepsy in children and adolescents with CP from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 2022. Randomized effects meta-analysis models were used to calculate the prevalence of epilepsy in CP. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were utilized to further explore heterogeneity between articles and prevalence disparities between subgroups. The funnel plot and Egger's test were used to investigate potential publication bias. Results: Seventy-two articles, comprising 53,969 children and adolescents with CP, were included in this study. The results indicated a total epilepsy prevalence of 38.0% (95% CI: 34.8%-41.2%) in CP. The prevalence of epilepsy was 46.4% (95% CI: 41.4%-51.5%) in clinical sample-based studies and 31.6% (95% CI: 28.7%-34.5%) in population-based studies. Meta-regression demonstrated that the sample source, neonatal seizure, family history of epilepsy, EEG or cranial imaging abnormalities, intellectual/cognitive impairment, and topographical types of CP were heterogeneous contributors to the epilepsy prevalence in CP. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of children and adolescents with CP have epilepsy, and the sample source can significantly impact the total prevalence of epilepsy. Neonatal seizures, family history of epilepsy, EEG abnormalities, cranial imaging abnormalities, severe intellectual disability, and quadriplegia may be contributing factors to epilepsy comorbid in CP. Further study is required to verify the strength of these associations with epilepsy. This study aids in identifying the clinical characteristics of young people with CP at risk of developing epilepsy, which may assist clinicians in the early prevention and diagnosis of epilepsy within this population.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=367766, identifier CRD42022367766.

Non-invasive brain stimulation for patient with autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in randomized controlled trials (RCT), providing a reference for future research on the same topic. Methods: Five databases were searched (Pubmed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library) and tracked relevant references, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Twenty-two references (829 participants) were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that NIBS had positive effects on repetitive and stereotypical behaviors, cognitive function, and executive function in autistic patients. Most of the included studies had a moderate to high risk of bias, Mainly because of the lack of blinding of subjects and assessors to treatment assignment, as well as the lack of continuous observation of treatment effects. Conclusion: Available evidence supports an improvement in some aspects of NIBS in patients with ASD. However, due to the quality of the original studies and significant publication bias, this evidence must be treated with caution. Further large multicenter randomized double-blind controlled trials and appropriate follow-up observations are needed to further evaluate the specific efficacy of NIBS in patients with ASD.