ABSTRACT
The consumption of garlic reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (alliin), allicin (DATi), diallyl disulfide (DADS), S-allylcysteine (SAC) and several storage dipeptides are the organo-sulphur compounds (OSC) involved in the protective mechanism of garlic against cardiovascular disorders and carcinogenesis. Thus it is very interesting to quantify simultaneously all these compounds in different garlic powders obtained in several cultural conditions. The quantification of OSC by a new ion-pair HPLC method allowed showing the general sulphur-dependence positive effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorder and carcinogenesis and the variable specific activity of each implicated OSC. The screening of 11 garlic tablets proposed on the market showed the variability and particularly the differential instability of each OSC. From these results, a new garlic tablet was realised and each step was controlled by this method. This analytical method proved to be a very powerful tool for the understanding of the garlic protective mechanism against cancer and cardiovascular diseases and the development and quality control of garlic tablets.
Subject(s)
Garlic , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/analysis , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , RatsABSTRACT
The quality of garlic and garlic products is usually related to their alliin content and allicin release potential. Until now no analytical method was able to quantify simultaneously allicin, its direct precursor alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide), SAC (S-allyl-L-cysteine) as well as various dipeptides that apparently serve as storage compounds in garlic. It is well known that all these intermediates are involved in the allicin biosynthetic pathway. A simple and rapid HPLC method suitable for routine analysis was developed using eluents containing an ion-pairing reagent. Particularly, heptanesulfonate as ion-pairing reagent guarantees a sufficient separation between alliin and the more retained dipeptides at very low pH. Allicin was eluted after 18 min on a 150 x 3 mm column. Synthetic reference compounds were characterized by the same chromatographic method using a diode-array UV detector and an ion trap mass spectrometer (electrospray ionization) in the multiple MS mode. In routine analysis of garlic bulbs, powders and other products, the diode-array detector is sufficient for a relevant quantification. Our method has been used in studies to improve the quality of garlic and its derived products.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Cysteine/analogs & derivatives , Garlic/chemistry , Carbon-Sulfur Lyases/chemistry , Cysteine/analysis , Cysteine/chemistry , Dipeptides/analysis , Disulfides , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Sulfinic Acids/analysis , Sulfinic Acids/chemistry , Sulfur/chemistryABSTRACT
The metabolic course of four isomeric epoxyfatty acids derived from oleic-, elaidic-, (Z)-, and (E)-vaccenic acids in the lactone-producing yeast, Sporidiobolus salmonicolor, was studied by using the deuterium-labeled precursors. Dihydroxy-, hydroxyoxo-, and hydroxy fatty acids as well as gamma-lactones were identified as metabolic intermediates. Quantitative analysis of the label content and estimation of the enantiomeric composition of the lactones established that, in the first step, the racemic epoxyfatty acids were enantiospecifically hydrolyzed by an epoxide hydrolase. During the subsequent metabolism, the stereochemical orientation of the hydroxy groups of the dihydroxyfatty acids were modified by an oxidation/reduction step.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/metabolism , Epoxy Compounds/metabolism , Lactones/metabolism , Stearic Acids/metabolism , Deuterium , Epoxy Compounds/chemistry , Fermentation , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Kinetics , Mass Spectrometry , Oleic Acid/chemistry , Oleic Acid/metabolism , Oleic Acids/chemistry , Oleic Acids/metabolism , Stearic Acids/chemistry , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The high increase of information mainly because of new exact methods of examination makes it necessary to search for new possibilities of data storage, data processing and data analyzing. Orthodontic cases retrospectively assessed are taken as a knowledge-based system, and the individual case is classified by objective criteria metrically determinable as well as subjective criteria. After classification a plan of treatment can be elaborated.
Subject(s)
Decision Making, Computer-Assisted , Expert Systems , Orthodontics , Referral and Consultation , Computer Systems , Humans , Software DesignABSTRACT
The palatal contact area of upper incisors is an essential factor in the Krüger and Kubein occlusion conception. A long-term study at ideal plaster models suggested no significant alterations of the zero-curve in dependence on changing overbite.
Subject(s)
Dental Occlusion , Incisor , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Malocclusion/therapy , Child , Humans , Vertical DimensionABSTRACT
The increase of quality and efficiency in orthodontic treatment is characterized by the development of knowledge based consultations systems. These systems support the dentist to optimate treatment planing. Basis configuration and technical background of those systems are presented.
Subject(s)
Databases, Factual , Expert Systems , Orthodontics , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Humans , Microcomputers , Therapy, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
Rationalizing in medical reports is necessary to improve the communication between transmitting and specialized institutions. The software instrument METAS is specially prepared because of its performance parameter. The authors offer the advantages and a possibility of application for the orthodontics.
Subject(s)
Computer Systems , Dental Records , Software , Humans , Orthodontics/organization & administrationABSTRACT
The model of a computer supported databank for children and young people in the Suhl area in order to secure the guaranteed performance of an effective treatment strategy is explained. The use of suitable software equipment has been shown and effectively demonstrated. The solution introduced was successful in the evaluation of the series of checkups in the academic school year 1986/87 at the area and district level.
Subject(s)
Computer Systems , Information Systems , Germany, East , Humans , Orthodontics/organization & administration , Patient Care Planning/methodsABSTRACT
A practical method for computer aided measurements of orthodontic models is introduced here. Measurements values are taken by using in incremental donor with the traditional slide rule. Advantages of this method lead to a higher efficiency of model measurements.