ABSTRACT
The injection and mixing of contaminant mass into the fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions is a primary factor preventing ignition. ICF experiments have recently achieved an alpha-heating regime, in which fusion self-heating is the dominant source of yield, by reducing the susceptibility of implosions to instabilities that inject this mass. We report the results of unique separated reactants implosion experiments studying pre-mixed contaminant as well as detailed high-resolution three-dimensional simulations that are in good agreement with experiments. At conditions relevant to mixing regions in high-yield implosions, we observe persistent chunks of contaminant that do not achieve thermal equilibrium with the fuel throughout the burn phase. The assumption of thermal equilibrium is made in nearly all computational ICF modeling and methods used to infer levels of contaminant from experiments. We estimate that these methods may underestimate the amount of contaminant by a factor of two or more.
ABSTRACT
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized transcriptomics studies in the last decade. Transcriptome analysis experiments using NGS-based RNA-sequencing have several advantages over DNA microarray analysis. Novel unannotated transcripts and transcriptional start sites can be identified. Differential gene expression can be determined on novel and annotated transcripts simultaneously, whereas DNA microarray analysis can only quantify changes of known genes. In the protocol below we describe an Illumina compatible ligation-based method for generating stranded cDNA libraries for total RNA and small RNA transcriptomes in Borrelia burgdorferi.
Subject(s)
Borrelia burgdorferi/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Lyme Disease/microbiology , RNA, Bacterial/genetics , Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods , Transcriptome , Gene Library , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , HumansABSTRACT
Rab11a is a small GTP-binding protein enriched in the pericentriolar plasma membrane recycling systems. We hypothesized that Rab11a-binding proteins exist as downstream effectors of its action. Here we define a family of four Rab11-interacting proteins: Rab11-Family Interacting Protein 1 (Rab11-FIP1), Rab11-Family Interacting Protein 2 (Rab11-FIP2), Rab11-Family Interacting Protein 3 (Rab11-FIP3), and pp75/Rip11. All four interacting proteins associated with wild type Rab11a and dominant active Rab11a (Rab11aS20V) as well as Rab11b and Rab25. Rab11-FIP2 also interacted with dominant negative Rab11a (Rab11aS25N) and the tail of myosin Vb. The binding of Rab11-FIP1, Rab11-FIP2, and Rab11-FIP3 to Rab11a was dependent upon a conserved carboxyl-terminal amphipathic alpha-helix. Rab11-FIP1, Rab11-FIP2, and pp75/Rip11 colocalized with Rab11a in plasma membrane recycling systems in both non-polarized HeLa cells and polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. GFP-Rab11-FIP3 also colocalized with Rab11a in HeLa cells. Rab11-FIP1, Rab11-FIP2, and pp75/Rip11 also coenriched with Rab11a and H(+)K(+)-ATPase on parietal cell tubulovesicles, and Rab11-FIP1 and Rab11-FIP2 translocated with Rab11a and the H(+)K(+)-ATPase upon stimulating parietal cells with histamine. The results suggest that the function of Rab11a in plasma membrane recycling systems is dependent upon a compendium of protein effectors.
Subject(s)
rab GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry , rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Base Sequence , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Cloning, Molecular , Conserved Sequence , DNA, Complementary/metabolism , Dogs , Expressed Sequence Tags , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Gene Deletion , Gene Library , Genes, Dominant , HeLa Cells , Histamine/metabolism , Humans , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Molecular Sequence Data , Nocodazole/pharmacology , Paclitaxel/pharmacology , Protein Binding , Rabbits , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Two-Hybrid System TechniquesABSTRACT
A patient with partial duplication 2q and partial deficiency 11q is reported. The propositus was delivered at 30 weeks gestation, with a birth weight of 1,390 g. He had severe hyaline membrane disease, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, hearing loss, and other anomalies including a short bitemporal diameter, prominent occiput, low-set ears, exophthalmos, short nose with depressed nasal root, downturned mouth corners, narrow high-arched palate, micrognathia, a deep longitudinal groove over the sacrococcygeal region, clinodactyly, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. Chromosome analysis showed the following karyotype: 46,XY,der11,t(2:11)(q32.2;q25)pat.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Deletion , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Karyotyping , Male , TrisomyABSTRACT
Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare disorder thay may present outside the newborn period. It is generally best treated surgically by excision of the affected lobe. We describe a 6 1/2-week-old infant in whom the initial auscultatory and roentgenographic findings were confusing and of no help in making the diagnosis. The etiology of congenital lobar emphysema remains unclear.
Subject(s)
Diseases in Twins , Pulmonary Emphysema/congenital , Humans , Infant , Male , Pulmonary Emphysema/surgerySubject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms/congenital , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colonic Diseases/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Duodenal Diseases/diagnosis , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/diagnosis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intestinal Atresia/diagnosis , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Intestine, Small , Intestines/abnormalities , Kidney Diseases/congenital , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/congenital , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neuroblastoma/congenital , Neuroblastoma/diagnosis , Pancreatic Cyst/congenital , Pancreatic Cyst/diagnosis , Physical Examination , Stomach Rupture/diagnosis , Teratoma/congenital , Teratoma/diagnosisSubject(s)
Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Osteomyelitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Streptococcal Infections/transmission , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Reported is a case of a premature infant who developed a well documented hemolytic anemia which responded to vitamin E therapy. The infant developed the syndrome while receiving an artificial formula containing iron and vitamin E, plus iron supplementation. The infant had a feeding problem which may have complicated absorption of vitamin E. It is suggested that premature infants who are formula fed should not receive iron supplement until they have doubled their birth weight or have a hemoglobin concentration of less than 10 mg%. Premature infants should receive supplemental vitamin E if they are not breast fed.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Hemolytic/drug therapy , Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy , Vitamin E Deficiency/complications , Vitamin E/therapeutic use , Anemia, Hemolytic/etiology , Female , Humans , Infant Food , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant, Newborn , Iron/administration & dosage , Male , PregnancyABSTRACT
Hydrometrocolpos was diagnosed in a neonate shortly after birth. A large collection of fluid was immediately removed from the distended vagina; hymenotomy was performed. The infant has remained well for more than a year following treatment. A simple technique for rapid diagnosis permits safe and appropriate management of this potentially serious disorder.