ABSTRACT
Nesfatin-1 reduces body weight and the intake of food, it is also tangled in setting insulin release. This study aims at comparing the levels of serum of Nesfatin-1 with the insulin resistance in obese adolescent of iraqi population with other nations around the world predicating development of diabetes mellitus later. 90 participants were needed for this cross-sectional study, including 30 control participants (17 men and 13 women) and 60 obese adolescents (36 men and 24 women). Serum glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin in starved participants were estimated, using an ELISA kit, the serum level of Nesfatin-1 was measured, and insulin resistance was calculated. Obese adolescents aged 12 to 18 and the control group, who were between 13 and 18 years old. The level of nesfatin-1 was significantly lower in the group of obese adolescents than in the controls. The ranges of Nesfatin-1 were (1.22±0.39 n/ml vs 2.54±0.64 n/m P = 0.001). In the control and obese groups respectively. In comparison to the results of the non-obese adolescent group, the obese group has significantly lower insulin sensitivity. Serum Nesfatin-1 is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and body mass index. In general, our study revealed that there is no effect of food culture and eating intake on the role of Nesfatin -1 inducing obesity.
Subject(s)
Insulin Resistance , Pediatric Obesity , Male , Humans , Adolescent , Female , Nucleobindins , Cross-Sectional Studies , Iraq , Calcium-Binding Proteins , DNA-Binding Proteins , InsulinABSTRACT
Two-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated intranasally with the MA-87 strain of infectious bronchitis virus, and trachea and kidney lesions studied histologically and immunohistochemically. Lesions and viral antigen were first detected in the trachea; severe damage was then observed in the kidney. Viral antigen appeared prior to the development of renal lesions and was detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells by 4 days post-inoculation (p.i.). The epithelial cells of the collecting ducts, collecting tubules and distal convoluted tubules were first affected, followed by involvement of Henle's loops, whereas the proximal convoluted tubules were only minimally affected. Antigen-positive cells of ducts and tubules were degenerated and desquamated. The severe epithelial cell damage resulted in infiltration of heterophils and macrophages in the interstitium, ducts and tubules. The detection of viral antigen was consistent with the distribution of histological lesions at 6 to 8 days p.i. At a later stage, antigen-positive cells disappeared and repair of epithelial cells was seen, accompanied by interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and lymphoid nodular formation.
ABSTRACT
We have examined the effects of high-energy shock waves (HESW) on implanted urinary bladder cancer in rabbits. The bladder cancer was exposed to 2000 to 6000 shots of focused HESW under ultrasound guidance. Although only focal necrosis of the tumor was seen in the one-day HESW exposure (2000 shots), wider and deeper necrosis was observed in the tumors following serial HESW (4000 or 6000 shots; 2 or 3 days). These results indicate that serial HESW exposure has destructive effects on implanted bladder cancer in rabbits.