Differential centiloid scale normalization techniques: comparison between hybrid PET/MRI and independently acquired MRI.

OBJECTIVE: Centiloid (CL) scales play an important role in semiquantitative analyses of amyloid-ß (Aß) PET. CLs are derived from the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), which needs Aß positron emission tomography (PET) normalization processing. There are two methods to collect the T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) for normalization: (i) anatomical standardization using simultaneously acquired T1WI (PET/MRI), usually adapted to PET images from PET/MRI scanners, and (ii) T1WI from a separate examination (PET + MRI), usually adapted to PET images from PET/CT scanners. This study aimed to elucidate the correlations and differences in CLs between when using the above two T1WI collection methods. METHODS: Among patients who underwent Aß PET/MRI (using 11C-Pittuberg compound B (11C-PiB) or 18F-flutemetamol (18F-FMM)) at our institution from 2015 to 2023, we selected 49 patients who also underwent other additional MRI examinations, including T1WI for anatomic standardization within 3 years. Thirty-one of them underwent 11C-PiB PET/MRI, and 18 participants underwent 18F-FMM PET/MRI. Twenty-five of them, additional MRI acquisition parameters were identical to simultaneous MRI during PET, and 24 participants were different. After normalization using PET/MRI or PET + MRI method each, SUVR was measured using the Global Alzheimer's Association Initiative Network cerebral cortical and striatum Volume of Interest templates (VOI) and whole cerebellum VOI. Subsequently, CLs were calculated using the previously established equations for each Aß PET tracer. RESULTS: Between PET/MRI and PET + MRI methods, CLs correlated linearly in 11C-PiB PET (y = 1.00x - 0.11, R2 = 0.999), 18F-FMM PET (y = 0.97x - 0.12, 0.997), identical additional MRI acquisition (y = 1.00x + 0.33, 0.999), different acquisition (y = 0.98x - 0.43, 0.997), and entire study group (y = 1.00x - 0.24, 0.999). Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no significant differences: 11C-PiB (p = 0.49), 18F-FMM (0.08), and whole PET (0.46). However, significant differences were identified in identical acquisition (p = 0.04) and different acquisition (p = 0.02). Bland-Altman analysis documented only a small bias between PET/MRI and PET + MRI in 11C-PiB PET, 18F-FMM PET, identical additional MRI acquisition, different acquisition, and whole PET (- 0.05, 0.67, - 0.30, 0.78, and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Anatomical standardizations using PET/MRI and using PET + MRI can lead to almost equivalent CL. The CL values obtained using PET/MRI or PET + MRI normalization methods are consistent and comparable in clinical studies.

Reduced dopamine transporter availability in drug-naive adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Aim: This study aimed to clarify the abnormalities in dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in drug-naive adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the relationship between ADHD symptoms and abnormalities in DAT availability. Methods: Single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) was performed using iodine-123-ß-carbomethoxy-3ß-(4-iodophenyltropane) (I-123 ß CIT) as a tracer to measure in vivo DAT availability in 20 drug-naive patients with ADHD [mean age ± standard deviation (SD)]: 25 ± 3.44 years; male:female = 11:9] and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) (mean age ± SD: 23.9 ± 2.27 years). Comparisons of DAT availability between HCs and adult patients with ADHD and the association between symptom severity and DAT availability within the ADHD group were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12. Results: Drug-naive adults with ADHD showed significantly reduced DAT availability in the bilateral nucleus accumbens compared with HCs. Correlation analyses revealed a negative correlation between the severity of inattentive symptoms in adult patients with ADHD and DAT availability in the bilateral heads of the caudate nucleus, indicating the association between severe inattentive symptoms and lower DAT availability in the caudate nucleus. Conclusion: In drug-naive adult patients with ADHD, DAT availability was reduced in the nucleus accumbens, an important part of the reward system. This finding indicates the importance of the DAT in the reward system in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Inattentiveness was associated with DAT availability in the caudate nucleus, suggesting involvement of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit.

Respiratory Displacement of the Right Adrenal Vein: Comparison of Inspiratory and Expiratory Computed Tomography With Catheter Venography.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to reveal the respiratory displacement of the right adrenal vein (RAV) to predict the exact location of the RAV during adrenal venous sampling (AVS). METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans obtained 45 seconds (breath-hold at inhalation) and 70 seconds (breath-hold at exhalation) after contrast material injection were compared to venograms of the RAV of patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent AVS between January 2016 and December 2020. The craniocaudal distance between the center of the Th11/12 disc and the RAV orifice was measured; the craniocaudal location of the RAV orifice was also specified relative to vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs on inspiratory phase CT (In-CT), expiratory phase CT (Ex-CT), and catheter venography. The transverse and vertical angles of the RAV and the position of the RAV orifice on the inferior vena cava (IVC) circumference were measured on In-CT and Ex-CT. RESULTS: In total, 51 patients (30 males, 21 females; mean age, 54.9 ± 11.1 years) were included. Craniocaudal distances between the center of the Th11/12 disc and RAV orifice were significantly different among the following 3 acquisitions: catheter venography versus In-CT (15.2 ± 8.4 mm); venography versus Ex-CT (5.6 ± 4.1 mm); and In-CT versus Ex-CT (19.6 ± 8.0 mm) (all, P < 0.001). The craniocaudal location of the RAV orifice on venography was significantly closer to that on Ex-CT than on In-CT (P < 0.001); measurements using venograms compared with In-CT and Ex-CT scans were within 1 level difference in 18 (35.3%) and 47 (92.2%) patients, respectively (P < 0.001). The vertical angle of the RAV was significantly more likely to be smaller on In-CT than on Ex-CT (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: RAV locations and angles change with respiratory motion. It is crucial to consider the respiratory phase of CT because it can enable a more accurate prediction of the location of the RAV during AVS.

Impact of iodine contrast media on gamma camera-based GFR and factors affecting the difference between serum creatinine-based estimated GFR and Gate's GFR.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to elucidate the factors underlying the difference between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from serum creatinine and Gate's GFR (gGFR) measured using technetium-99m diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ( 99m Tc-DTPA) scintigraphy. METHODS: This study was based on consecutive patients who underwent 99m Tc-DTPA scintigraphy at our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 and whose blood serum creatinine data were obtained on the same day as the 99m Tc-DTPA scintigraphy. Relationships between the ratio of gGFR and eGFR (gGFR/eGFR) and age, sex, BMI, visceral fat, psoas muscle index (PMI), serum blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine level were investigated based on 75 patients. Additionally, for 44 patients who had two or more follow-up DTPA studies, we compared gGFR values for studies that used iodine contrast media (ICM) for computed tomography before same-day 99m Tc-DTPA studies and those that did not in the same patients. RESULTS: Weak correlations were observed between gGFR/eGFR and PMI ( r  = 0.30), BMI ( r  = 0.24), and the visceral fat area ( r  = 0.33). Multi-regression analyses showed that gGFR/eGFR was correlated with PMI ( ß â€…= 0.34, P  < 0.01) and approached significance with the visceral fat area ( ß â€…= 0.24, P  = 0.05). A significant difference was observed in gGFR between patients who received ICM before the 99m Tc-DTPA renogram and those who did not ( P  < 0.001, eGFR 80.5 ±â€…19.0 vs. 91.7 ±â€…27.8 ml/min). CONCLUSION: ICM administration temporarily decreased gGFR, and increased muscle mass increased the difference between eGFR and gGFR values.

Coil embolization of a celiac artery pseudoaneurysm under balloon-assisted flow control: A case report.

Coil migration can occur when coil embolization is used for treating pseudoaneurysms associated with large arteries. The double microcatheter technique is useful for preventing coil migration; the balloon catheter can reduce blood flow and active bleeding upon balloon inflation, and can also compress the bleeding point and arrest bleeding temporarily. We report a case describing the management of a pseudoaneurysm with coil embolization using double microcatheters and a balloon catheter to control blood flow and prevent coil migration. A 73-year-old male patient presented with a pseudoaneurysm of the celiac artery arising from the splenic artery stump following surgery. Coil embolization of the pseudoaneurysm using a double microcatheter embolization technique with a balloon catheter was considered. A balloon catheter was inserted into the celiac artery and active bleeding was temporarily arrested with the inflated balloon. First, a microcatheter was inserted into the balloon catheter, and another microcatheter was placed in the celiac artery. An electrical detachable coil was inserted into the proximal common hepatic artery just distal to the pseudoaneurysm. The second electrically detachable coil was inserted while the first coil remained attached. After detachment of the second coil, additional electrically detachable coils were inserted for similar embolization. The balloon was gradually deflated. Finally, the first coil was detached and we confirmed absence of the bleeding. Our case report demonstrated that a balloon catheter can control the flow vessels, and the double microcatheter embolization technique with a balloon catheter is useful for coil embolization in high-flow or large vessels.

Investigation of factors affecting CT attenuation and glucose metabolism of bone marrow as seen on PET/CT scans.

The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the CT attenuation of bone marrow, and its correlation with 18F-FDG uptake. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV) of vertebral bone marrow (Vertebral-SUV) and femoral bone marrow (Femoral-SUV) as well as CT number of bone marrow (BM-CT number) were measured in 243 patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT. The correlations among BM-CT number, Femoral-SUV, and Vertebral-SUV were investigated. The relationships of Femoral-SUV, Vertebral-SUV, and BM-CT number with blood parameters, age, blood sugar, and body weight were analyzed by correlation and multi-regression analyses. The Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test and Binomial logistic analysis were used to examine the relationships between high BM-CT number (≥ 0 HU) and the above parameters. Significant correlations were observed between: BM-CT number and Femoral-SUV (r = 0.73, P < 0.01); Vertebral-SUV and Femoral-SUV (r = 0.78, P < 0.01); and BM-CT number and Vertebral-SUV (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). BM-CT number was correlated with patients' age in both univariable (r = -0.27) and multivariable analyses (ß = -0.20). Positive BM-CT number correlated with WBC in both univariable (P = 0.04) and multivariable (P < 0.01) analyses. Bone marrow glucose metabolism had a tendency to decrease with age, was increased in patients with elevated CRP. In conclusion, CT attenuation of bone marrow correlated well with bone marrow metabolism and also tended to decrease with age. High bone marrow attenuation (≥ 0 HU) could predict elevated serum WBC.

Prognostic significance of left atrial strain combined with left ventricular strain using cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and left atrial strain (LAS) obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature tracking in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with HFpEF admitted to our hospital who underwent cardiac MRI. LVGLS and LAS were obtained from cine MRI by feature tracking. The end point was defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization due to decompensated HF. One-hundred patients with HFpEF were enrolled. Mean LVGLS and LAS were - 13.7 ± 3.7% and 22.5 ± 11.6%, respectively. During follow-up of 4.4 ± 1.9 years, 24 events occurred. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated LAS was independently associated with adverse cardiac events. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that the patients with both LVGLS and LAS worse than the median (LVGLS ≥ - 12.2% and LAS ≤ 13.8%) had a significantly lower event-free rate compared to those with preserved strain (Log-rank P < 0.001). Simultaneous assessment of LVGLS and LAS using MRI was useful for risk stratification in the patients with HFpEF.

The Relationship Between Conventionally Obtained Serum-Based Liver Function Indices and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between conventionally obtained serum-based biochemical indices and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) parameters compared with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). METHODS: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent ≥2 liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, including IVIM and MRE, between 2017 and 2020 and biochemical testing within 1 week before or after MRI were included in this study. Biochemical tests were performed to determine the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score and modified ALBI (mALBI) grade, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). The diffusion coefficient ( D ), pseudo-diffusion coefficient ( D *), fractional volume occupied by flowing spins ( f ), and apparent diffusion coefficient were calculated for IVIM. The correlations between (1) the imaging parameters and biochemical indices and (2) the changes in mALBI grades and imaging parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: This study included 98 scans of 40 patients (31 men; mean age, 67.7 years). The correlation analysis between the biochemical and IVIM parameters showed that ALBI score and D* had the best correlation ( r = -0.3731, P < 0.001), and the correlation was higher than that with MRE ( r = 0.3289, P < 0.001). However, among FIB-4, APRI, and MRI parameters, MRE outperformed IVIM parameters (MRE and FIB-4, r = 0.3775, P < 0.001; MRE and APRI, r = 0.4687, P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the changes in MRE among the 3 groups (improved, deteriorated, and unchanged mALBI groups) in the analysis of covariance ( P = 0.0434). There were no significant changes in IVIM. CONCLUSIONS: Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging has the potential to develop into a more readily obtainable method of liver function assessment.

Incidence of Bowel Wall Swelling Induced by Iodine-Contrast Media and Its Association With Gastrointestinal Manifestation.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of bowel wall swelling after iodine-contrast media injection and its relationship with gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS: The incidence of bowel wall swelling was examined in 75 patients who showed adverse reactions to iodine-contrast media (AR[+] group) and 75 controls without adverse reactions (AR[-] group). Bowel wall swelling was identified if there was increased wall thickness on postcontrast computed tomography when compared with precontrast computed tomography. Swelling less than 2-fold of the original wall thickness was defined as grade 1 bowel angioedema, and swelling more than 2-fold was defined as grade 2. RESULTS: The incidence of bowel wall swelling was significantly higher in the AR(+) group (26.6%) than in the AR(-) group (10.6%) ( P = 0.01). Grade 1 bowel wall swelling was observed in 12.0% and 10.7% of AR(+) and AR(-) groups, respectively, whereas grade 2 was observed in 14.7% and 0%, respectively. Bowel wall swelling was observed in the duodenum and jejunum but not in the stomach, ileum, or colon in any patient in either group. In the AR(+) group, nausea and/or vomiting was observed in 15 patients, among whom bowel wall swelling was observed in 9 patients (60%). The frequency of nausea and/or vomiting was significantly higher in the patients with bowel wall swelling (45.0%, 9/20) compared with those without (10.9%, 6/55). CONCLUSION: Bowel wall swelling was more frequent and severe in patients with adverse reactions to iodine-contrast media than those without and was associated with nausea and/or vomiting.

Complete response of glottic cancer to intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy: A report of 4 cases.

Surgical resection is recommended for advanced-stage, resectable glottic cancer. However, total laryngectomy results in the loss of vocal function and reduces patients' quality of life. At our institution, patients with cT3N0M0 stage III resectable glottic cancer who wish to preserve their larynx are treated with super-selective cisplatin infusion with concomitant radiotherapy (RADPLAT) to improve local control over systemic chemotherapy. Herein, we present 4 patients with glottic cancer who underwent biweekly intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy 3 times. For intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy, 100 mg cis-diaminodichloroplatinum was infused into the superior thyroid artery, including the superior laryngeal artery branch. Thereafter, intensity-modulated radiation therapy was administered at doses of 70 Gy in 35 fractions for 3 patients and 66 Gy in 33 fractions for 1 patient. These patients showed complete response after chemoradiotherapy with no recurrence or metastases during the follow-up period to date (mean follow-up period: 56 months, range: 39-76 months).

Oxygen extraction fraction is not uniform in human brain: a positron emission tomography study.

The regional differences in cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in brain were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) in detail with consideration of systemic errors in PET measurement estimated by simulation studies. The cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), OEF, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured on healthy men by PET with 15O-labeled gases. The OEF values in the pons and the parahippocampal gyrus were significantly smaller than in the other brain regions. The OEF value in the lateral side of the occipital cortex was largest among the cerebral cortical regions. Simulation studies have revealed that errors in OEF caused by regional differences in the distribution volume of 15O-labeled water, as well as errors in OEF caused by a mixture of gray and white matter, must be negligible. The regional differences in OEF in brain must exist which might be related to physiological meanings.Article title: Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.I have checked the article title and it is OK as is. Trial registration: The UMIN clinical trial number: UMIN000033382, https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm.

Prediction of Anemia From Cerebral Venous Sinus Attenuation on Deep-Learning Reconstructed Brain Computed Tomography Images.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate whether the prediction of anemia is possible using quantitative analyses of unenhanced cranial computed tomography (CT) with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) compared with conventional methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 116 participants (76 males; mean age, 66.7) who had hemoglobin (Hb) levels obtained within 24 hours of unenhanced cranial CT, which included 2 reconstruction methods: DLR and hybrid iterative reconstruction. Regions of interest were the confluence of sinuses (CoS) and the right and left transverse sinuses. In addition, edge rise distance of cerebrospinal fluid and venous was measured. RESULTS: Spearman rank correlation coefficient demonstrated a positive association between Hb levels and sinus attenuation values. Among these, the CoS in DLR had the best correlation ( r = 0.703, P < 0.001). For the prediction of anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL), the area under the curve of CoS in DLR (area under the curve = 0.874; 95% confidence interval, 0.798-0.949; P < 0.001) was the highest; however, there were no significant differences among reconstruction method and sinus. The attenuation values of DLR were significantly higher than those of hybrid iterative reconstruction ( P < 0.001, paired t test), and the differences between the 2 methods were 4.1 (standard deviation [SD], 1.6) for CoS, 5.2 (SD, 2.2) for right transverse sinuses, and 5.8 (SD, 2.4) for left transverse sinuses. The signal-to-noise ratio ( P < 0.001, paired t test) and edge rise distance ( P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test) of DLR was significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: Higher CT attenuation values should be considered for predicting anemia based on brain DLR images.

Lumbar intradural space reduction during the Valsalva maneuver observed using cine MRI and MR myelography: a single-case experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the Valsalva maneuver (VM) causes spinal canal object movements. We hypothesized that this occurs because of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow generated from intradural space reduction. Previous studies using myelograms reported lumbar CSF space changes during inspiration. However, no similar studies have been conducted using modern MRI. Therefore, this study analyzed intradural space reduction during the VM using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: The participant was a 39-year-old, healthy, male volunteer. Cine MRI involved fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition cine sequence during three resting and VM sets for 60 s each. The axial plane was at the intervertebral disc and vertebral body levels between Th12 and S1 during cine MRI. This examination was performed on 3 separate days; hence, data from nine resting and VM sets were available. Additionally, two-dimensional myelography was performed during rest and the VM. RESULTS: Intradural space reduction was observed during the VM using cine MRI and myelography. The intradural space cross-sectional area during the VM (mean: 129.3 mm2; standard deviation [SD]: 27.4 mm2) was significantly lower than that during the resting period (mean: 169.8; SD: 24.8; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.001). The reduction rate of the vertebral body level (mean: 26.7%; SD: 9.4%) was larger than that of the disc level (mean: 21.4%; SD: 9.5%; Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.0014). Furthermore, the reduction was mainly observed on the ventral and bilateral intervertebral foramina sides at the vertebral body and intervertebral disc levels, respectively. CONCLUSION: The intradural space was reduced during the VM, possibly because of venous dilatation. This phenomenon may be associated with CSF flow, intradural object movement, and nerve compression, potentially leading to back pain.

Conventional versus aspiration-type needles in CT-guided biopsy for chest pathologies/lesions: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Larger sample volume can be obtained in one needle pass using an aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle (STARCUT® aspiration-type needle; TSK Laboratory, Tochigi, Japan) in comparison to the conventional semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needles and non-aspiration-type biopsy needles when performing computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs). METHODS: A total of 106 patients underwent CT-guided CNB for chest lesions between June 2013 and March 2020 at our hospital. Non-aspiration-type cutting biopsy needles were used in 47 of these patients, while aspiration-type needles were used in the remaining 59 patients. All needles used were 18- or 20-gauge biopsy needles. Parameters, like forced expiratory volume in 1-second percent (FEV1.0%), the maximum size of the target lesion, puncture pathway distance in the lung, number of needle passes, procedure time, diagnostic accuracy, and incidence of complications, were measured. Comparisons were made between the needle-type groups. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in terms of diagnostic accuracy. However, the procedure time was shorter and a lesser number of needle passes were required with the aspiration-type cutting biopsy needle compared to the non-aspiration-type needle. Pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage were the complications encountered, however, their incidence was not significantly different between the two types of needles. CONCLUSIONS: The aspiration-type semi-automatic cutting biopsy needle had similar diagnostic accuracy as the non-aspiration-type biopsy needle, with added advantages of a lesser number of needle passes and shorter procedure time.

Disrupted structural connectivity and less efficient network system in patients with the treatment-naive adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder whose primary symptoms are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Historically, ADHD was recognized as a disease of childhood and adolescence. However, many patients are known to have persistent symptoms into adulthood. Many researchers consider the neuropathology of ADHD to be based on abnormalities in multiple parallel and intersecting pathways rather than a single anatomical area, but such alterations remain to be clarified. Methods: Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated differences in the global network metrics estimated by graph theory and the degree of connectivity between adjacent voxels within a white matter (WM) fascicle defined by the density of the diffusing spins (connectometry) between 19 drug-naive Japanese patients with adult ADHD and 19 matched healthy controls (HCs). In adult patients with ADHD, we examined the relationships between the symptomatology of ADHD and global network metrics and WM abnormalities. Results: Compared with HCs, adult patients with ADHD showed a reduced rich-club coefficient and decreased connectivity in widely distributed WMs such as the corpus callosum, the forceps, and the cingulum bundle. Correlational analyses demonstrated that the general severity of ADHD symptoms was associated with several global network metrics, such as lower global efficiency, clustering coefficient, small worldness, and longer characteristic path length. The connectometry revealed that the severity of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms was associated with overconnectivity in the corticostriatal, corticospinal, and corticopontine tracts, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the extreme capsule but dysconnectivity in the cerebellum. The severity of inattentive symptoms was associated with dysconnectivity in the intracerebellar circuit and some other fibers. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that patients with treatment-naive adult ADHD showed disrupted structural connectivity, which contributes to less efficient information transfer in the ADHD brain and pathophysiology of ADHD. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000025183, Registered: 5 January 2017.

Simultaneous assessment of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony using integrated 13N-ammonia PETMR system: direct comparison of PET phase analysis and MR feature tracking.

BACKGROUND: To compare phase analysis with positron emission tomography (PA) and magnetic resonance feature tracking derived myocardial strain (FT) for left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony using PETMR system in patients with ischemic heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients who underwent rest-pharmacological stress 13N ammonia PETMR were enrolled. Histogram bandwidth (BW) and phase standard deviation (PSD) were compared to global longitudinal, long axis radial, short axis circumferential, and radial strain (GLS, GRS, SA Circ, and SA Rad) obtained from FT. LV dyssynchrony index (SDI) derived from PA and FT were compared. BW and PSD showed significant correlations with FT (a Pearson's coefficient r = 0.64, P < .0001, and r = 0.51, P < .0001 for SA Circ; r = 0.67, P < .0001, and r = 0.74, P < .0001 for GLS; r = - 0.60, P < .0001, r = - 0.61, P < .0001 for SA Rad; r = - 0.62, P < .0001, and r = - 0.68, P < .0001 for GRS, respectively). Bland-Altman plots for SDI showed a preferable agreement (95% limit of agreement - 0.12 to 0.075, - 0.20 to 0.098, - 0.38 to 0.077, and - 0.37 to 0.032; bias 0.0068 ± 0.056, 0.026 ± 0.068, 0.11 ± 0.088, and 0.13 ± 0.079 for SA Circ, SA Rad, GLS, and GRS, respectively). CONCLUSION: In simultaneous acquisition using PETMR, comparison of PET phase analysis and MR strain showed a good correlation.

Different prognostic outcomes in two cases of FDG-PET/CT-Positive and -negative cardiac angiosarcoma.

Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, characterized by the high uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). This case report presents two cases of cardiac angiosarcoma with a marked difference in FDG uptake and prognosis.Case Summary:Case 1: A 40-year-old male presented with syncope. Ultrasound echocardiography demonstrated a cardiac tumor with a high uptake of 18F-FDG (maximum standardized uptake value=9.2). The patient underwent heart catheterization and tumor biopsy. The pathological result was high-grade angiosarcoma, and the MIB-1(Ki-67) proliferation index was approximately 20%. Systemic chemotherapy was administered; however, the patient died 2 years and 5 months after disease onset.Case 2: A 65-year-old female had a right atrial tumor incidentally diagnosed during routine ultrasound echocardiography. The tumor exhibited a low uptake of 18F-FDG (maximum standardized uptake value=1.8). Open heart surgery was performed, and the tumor was completely resected. Histological analysis revealed low-grade angiosarcoma, and the MIB-1(Ki-67) proliferation index was less than 5%. The patient was followed-up and had not relapsed 2 years after surgery.Conclusion: 18F-FDG uptake may reflect pathological tumor grade and prognosis in cardiac angiosarcoma.

Relationship between lumbar spinal stenosis and cauda equina movement during the Valsalva maneuver.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the relationship between lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and cauda equina movement during the Valsalva maneuver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists at our institution independently evaluated cauda equina movement on pelvic cine MRI, which was performed for urethrorrhea after prostatectomy or pelvic prolapse in 105 patients (99 males; mean age: 69.0 [range: 50-78] years), who also underwent abdominopelvic CT within 2 years before or after the MRI. The qualitative assessment of the cine MRI involved subjective determination of the cauda equina movement type (non-movement, flutter, and inchworm-manner). The severity of LSS on abdominopelvic CT was quantified using our LSS scoring system and performed between L1/2 and L5/S1. We calculated the average LSS scores of two analysts and extracted the worst scores among all levels. RESULTS: Cauda equina movement was observed in 15 patients (14%), inchworm-manner in 10 patients, and flutter in five patients. Participants with cauda equina movement demonstrated significantly higher LSS scores than those without movement (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test). A significant difference was observed in the worst LSS scores between participants without movement and those with inchworm-manner movement (P < 0.001, Bonferroni's corrected). There were no significant differences between participants without movement and those with flutter movement (P = 0.3156) and between participants with flutter movement and those with inchworm-manner movement (P = 0.4843). CONCLUSION: Cauda equina movement in cine MRI during the Valsalva maneuver is occasionally observed in patients with severe LSS, and may be associated with pathogenesis of redundant nerve roots.

Two cases of pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm with median arcuate ligament syndrome treated with coil embolization and median arcuate ligament incision.

Median arcuate ligament syndrome is a clinical condition in which the median arcuate ligament causes compression and narrowing of the celiac artery. It has been reported that collateral pathways, which is developed by the decrease of blood flow from the celiac artery, facilitates the formation of aneurysms. Aneurysms around the pancreas in particular require aggressive therapeutic intervention, because a rupture can be fatal. We herein report two cases of pancreaticoduodenal aneurysms associated with median arcuate ligament syndrome treated by coil embolization and median arcuate ligament incision. Case 1 required a hybrid procedure in which median arcuate ligament incision and coil embolization were performed simultaneously. In Case 2, the median arcuate ligament incision was performed about 3 months after emergency endovascular hemostasis for hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer. In both cases, there were no major postoperative complications and no recurrence of aneurysm. Median arcuate ligament incision may be effective to prevent organ ischemia and aneurysm recurrence after coil embolization of intra-abdominal aneurysms associated with median arcuate ligament syndrome.

Cauda equina movement during the Valsalva maneuver in two patients with Lumbar spinal canal stenosis.

Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) is a common spinal disorder among older people. Some LSS patients say that their pain worsens when they lift heavy objects. The Valsalva maneuver is the optimal breathing pattern for producing maximal force. Herein, we present two cases of LSS where the movement of the cauda equina was observed during the Valsalva maneuver.Case Summary:Case 1: A 74-year-old female with a history of LSS presented to our Department of Urology with frequent urination. The patient was diagnosed as having uterine and bladder prolapse. Pelvic cine MRI scan was conducted for detailed evaluation. While the Valsalva maneuver was performed to diagnose pelvic organ prolapses, we observed movement of the cauda equina. Spine MRI and CT, performed one year before presentation, showed severe LSS due to degenerative spondylolisthesis.Case 2: A 73-year-old male underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. A follow-up cine MRI to confirm urethrorrhea showed the cauda equina moving during the Valsalva maneuver. Moderate LSS due to degenerative spondylolisthesis was retrospectively found on abdominal CT performed before prostatectomy.Conclusion: The findings of our report suggest that movement of the cauda equina during the Valsalva maneuver may be implicated in LSS.