ABSTRACT
The NCCN Guidelines for Rectal Cancer provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients with rectal cancer. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel discussion behind recent important updates to the guidelines. These updates include clarifying the definition of rectum and differentiating the rectum from the sigmoid colon; the total neoadjuvant therapy approach for localized rectal cancer; and biomarker-targeted therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, with a focus on new treatment options for patients with BRAF V600E- or HER2 amplification-positive disease.
Subject(s)
Colonic Neoplasms , Rectal Neoplasms , Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colonic Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Rectal Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Bladder Cancer focuses on the clinical presentation and workup of suspected bladder cancer, treatment of non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer, and treatment of metastatic urothelial bladder cancer because important updates have recently been made to these sections. Some important updates include recommendations for optimal treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the event of a bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shortage and details about biomarker testing for advanced or metastatic disease. The systemic therapy recommendations for second-line or subsequent therapies have also been revised. Treatment and management of muscle-invasive, nonmetastatic disease is covered in the complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Bladder Cancer available at NCCN.org. Additional topics covered in the complete version include treatment of nonurothelial histologies and recommendations for nonbladder urinary tract cancers such as upper tract urothelial carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma of the prostate, and primary carcinoma of the urethra.
Subject(s)
Medical Oncology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Male , Medical Oncology/standards , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The NCCN Guidelines for Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities provide interdisciplinary guidance on the management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) resulting from cancer immunotherapy. These NCCN Guidelines Insights describe symptoms that may be caused by an irAE and should trigger further investigation, and summarize the NCCN Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities Panel discussions for the 2020 update to the guidelines regarding immune checkpoint inhibitor-related diarrhea/colitis and cardiovascular irAEs.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Humans , Immunotherapy/methodsABSTRACT
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Advancements in technology that enhance our understanding of the biology of the disease, risk-adapted therapy, and enhanced supportive care have contributed to improved survival rates. However, additional clinical management is needed to improve outcomes for patients classified as high risk at presentation (eg, T-ALL, infant ALL) and who experience relapse. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for pediatric ALL provide recommendations on the workup, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of the disease, including guidance on supportive care, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and pharmacogenomics. This portion of the NCCN Guidelines focuses on the frontline and relapsed/refractory management of pediatric ALL.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Medical Oncology/standards , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Age Factors , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , Child , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Humans , Infant , Medical Oncology/methods , Molecular Targeted Therapy/standards , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Organizations, Nonprofit/standards , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality , SEER Program/statistics & numerical data , Survival Rate/trends , Transplantation, Homologous , Treatment Outcome , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Testicular cancer is relatively uncommon and accounts for <1% of all male tumors. However, it is the most common solid tumor in men between the ages of 20 and 34 years, and the global incidence has been steadily rising over the past several decades. Several risk factors for testicular cancer have been identified, including personal or family history of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism. Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 95% of malignant tumors arising in the testes and are categorized into 2 main histologic subtypes: seminoma and nonseminoma. Although nonseminoma is the more clinically aggressive tumor subtype, 5-year survival rates exceed 70% with current treatment options, even in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Radical inguinal orchiectomy is the primary treatment for most patients with testicular GCTs. Postorchiectomy management is dictated by stage, histology, and risk classification; treatment options for nonseminoma include surveillance, systemic therapy, and nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Although rarely occurring, prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor, with >50% of patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Testicular Cancer focuses on recommendations for the management of adult patients with nonseminomatous GCTs.
Subject(s)
Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Testicular Neoplasms/classification , Testicular Neoplasms/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prognosis , Testicular Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
The NCCN Guidelines for Multiple Myeloma provide recommendations for diagnosis, workup, treatment, follow-up, and supportive care for patients with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, solitary plasmacytoma, smoldering myeloma, and multiple myeloma. These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight some of the important updates and changes in the 1.2020 version of the NCCN Guidelines for Multiple Myeloma.
Subject(s)
Multiple Myeloma , HumansABSTRACT
Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract that has increased in incidence across recent years. Often diagnosed at an advanced stage, outcomes for SBA are worse on average than for other related malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Due to the rarity of this disease, few studies have been done to direct optimal treatment, although recent data have shown that SBA responds to treatment differently than colorectal cancer, necessitating a separate approach to treatment. The NCCN Guidelines for Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma were created to establish an evidence-based standard of care for patients with SBA. These guidelines provide recommendations on the workup of suspected SBA, primary treatment options, adjuvant treatment, surveillance, and systemic therapy for metastatic disease. Additionally, principles of imaging and endoscopy, pathologic review, surgery, radiation therapy, and survivorship are described.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Intestinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Intestinal Neoplasms/therapy , Intestine, Small/pathology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/mortality , Combined Modality Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Intestinal Neoplasms/etiology , Intestinal Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasm Staging , Risk Factors , Survivorship , Treatment Outcome , Watchful WaitingABSTRACT
The aim of the NCCN Guidelines for Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities is to provide guidance on the management of immune-related adverse events resulting from cancer immunotherapy. The NCCN Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities Panel is an interdisciplinary group of representatives from NCCN Member Institutions and ASCO, consisting of medical and hematologic oncologists with expertise in a wide array of disease sites, and experts from the fields of dermatology, gastroenterology, neuro-oncology, nephrology, emergency medicine, cardiology, oncology nursing, and patient advocacy. Several panel representatives are members of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC). The initial version of the NCCN Guidelines was designed in general alignment with recommendations published by ASCO and SITC. The content featured in this issue is an excerpt of the recommendations for managing toxicity related to immune checkpoint blockade and a review of existing evidence. For the full version of the NCCN Guidelines, including recommendations for managing toxicities related to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, visit NCCN.org.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/therapy , Molecular Targeted Therapy/adverse effects , Neoplasms/complications , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use , Disease Management , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/etiology , Humans , Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
The NCCN Guidelines for Thyroid Carcinoma provide recommendations for the management of different types of thyroid carcinoma, including papillary, follicular, Hürthle cell, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel discussion behind recent updates to the guidelines, including the expanding role of molecular testing for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, implications of the new pathologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, and the addition of a new targeted therapy option for BRAF V600E-mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/therapy , Medical Oncology/standards , Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/standards , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Carcinoma/mortality , Carcinoma/pathology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , Image-Guided Biopsy/methods , Image-Guided Biopsy/standards , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/standards , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics , Societies, Medical/standards , Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Gland/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroidectomy/methods , Thyroidectomy/standards , Treatment Outcome , United StatesABSTRACT
The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Bladder Cancer provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. These NCCN Guidelines Insights discuss important updates to the 2018 version of the guidelines, including implications of the 8th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual on treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and incorporating newly approved immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies into treatment options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease.