The Relationships Between Craniofacial Structure and Frontal Sinus Morphology: Evaluation With Conventional Anthropometry and CT-Based Volumetry.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of craniofacial structure and nasal septal deviation on frontal sinus morphology 3-dimensionally. This study of anatomy, anthropology, morphology, and radiology included 74 dry skulls as study sample. The craniofacial measurements were made through conventional anthropometric methods by the use of calipers. The nasal septal deviation measurements were done by computerized software on photographs taken from frontal view. Frontal sinus volumes were estimated by the computerized tomography-based volumetry. The relationships between craniofacial structure, nasal septal deviation, and frontal sinus morphology were tested by linear regression and correlation analysis. The analysis of numerical variables and categorical variables within different groups was done by Mann-Whitney U/Kruskal-Wallis, and χ2 tests, respectively. There appeared a positive relationship between the dimensions of the frontal sinuses and the maximal cranial length and the nasal height especially on the left side (P < .05). However, after multivariate linear regression model for both factors was created, solely the nasal height kept being a positive factor for frontal sinus size as an independent variable. No statistical relevance was detected between the presence of metopic suture and frontal sinus morphology. Septal deviation itself affected frontal sinus morphometry, but the morphometry did not differ between the deviation side and the opposite side. In conclusion, the cranial structure does not affect the frontal sinus morphology but nasal structure affects. The true influences, among measured craniofacial elements, in relationship with the pneumatization of frontal sinus are appeared to be the nasal structure related.

Submandibular gland invasion and feasibility of gland-sparing neck dissection in oral cavity carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the incidence and routes of submandibular gland involvement in oral cavity carcinoma to determine the feasibility of submandibular gland sparing neck dissection. METHODS: The records of 155 patients diagnosed with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, with a total of 183 neck specimens, including those involving level I, were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Submandibular gland involvement, via direct invasion from the anatomical proximity of T4a tumours, was evident in two patients. The floor of mouth location, either primarily or as an extension of the primary tumour, was the only risk factor for submandibular gland involvement in oral cavity carcinoma (p = 0.042). Tumour location, clinical and pathological tumour (T) and nodal (N) stages, and radiological suspicion of mandible invasion, were not found to be statistically relevant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest the feasibility of preserving the submandibular gland in early stage oral cavity carcinoma unless the tumour is located in, or extends to, the floor of mouth.

Screw prominences related to palmar locking plating of distal radius.

Fixation of unstable distal radius fractures with palmar locking plates provides a stable reduction and early return of function, but complications arising from unrecognized dorsally prominent screws penetrating the extensor compartments are increasingly reported. Standard radiographs and fluoroscopy may not adequately visualize screw lengths, owing to the complex shape of the dorsum of the distal radius. We examined 46 distal radius fractures treated with palmar locking plates by ultrasound. Of the total 230 locking screws, 59 protruded from the dorsal cortical surface by 0.5 mm or more (range 0.5-6.1 mm). The first extensor compartment was violated by one screw, the second compartment by 22 screws, the third compartment by 15 screws, and the fourth compartment by 21 screws. Asymptomatic tenosynovitis was detected in four and symptomatic tenosynovitis in 14 of the 59 prominent screws. Ultrasound imaging may be useful in cases where intra-articular and/or comminuted fractures require distal plate placement and engagement of screws in the dorsal cortex.

Evaluation of peripheral nerves of the upper limb with ultrasonography: a comparison of ultrasonographic examination and the intra-operative findings.

We prospectively studied 26 consecutive patients with clinically documented sensory or motor deficiency of a peripheral nerve due to trauma or entrapment using ultrasound, and in 19 cases surgical exploration of the nerves was undertaken. The ultrasonographic diagnoses were correlated with neurological examination and the surgical findings. Reliable visualisation of injured nerves on ultrasonography was achieved in all patients. Axonal swelling and hypoechogenity of the nerve was diagnosed in 15 cases, loss of continuity of a nerve bundle in 17, the formation of a neuroma of a stump in six, and partial laceration of a nerve with loss of the normal fascicular pattern in five. The ultrasonographic findings were confirmed at operation in those who had surgery. Ultrasound may be used for the evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries in the upper limb. High-resolution ultrasound can show the exact location, extent and type of lesion, yielding important information that might not be obtainable by other diagnostic aids.

Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of the insecticides, imidacloprid and methamidophos.

We examined the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and the organophosphate insecticide methamidophos, when administered alone or in combination. These insecticides were tested with the bone marrow chromosome aberration assay and micronucleus test in rats and by the bacterial mutation assay (Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay). Wistar albino rats were orally fed daily with laboratory chow treated with various concentrations of insecticides, 50 and 100 mg/kg imidacloprid, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg methamidophos, and 2.5 and 5 mg/kg imidacloprid plus methamidophos, respectively, for 90 days. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations were evaluated. Significant differences were detected between all the insecticide-administered groups versus the control group and between the two concentrations of the pesticide-treated groups. Both concentrations of the insecticides induced a dose-related increase in the micronucleus frequency (P < 0.05). Dose-related increases in the number of revertants were observed with the two Salmonella strains (TA98 and TA100). All tested doses of the insecticides demonstrated mutagenic activity in the presence of S9 mix. These results lead us to the conclusion that the synergistic effect of methamidophos and imidacloprid causes an increase in potential damage to non-target organisms.

Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of the insecticides, imidacloprid and methamidophos

We examined the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and the organophosphate insecticide methamidophos, when administered alone or in combination. These insecticides were tested with the bone marrow chromosome aberration assay and micronucleus test in rats and by the bacterial mutation assay (Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay). Wistar albino rats were orally fed daily with laboratory chow treated with various concentrations of insecticides, 50 and 100 mg/kg imidacloprid, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg methamidophos, and 2.5 and 5 mg/kg imidacloprid plus methamidophos, respectively, for 90 days. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations were evaluated. Significant differences were detected between all the insecticide-administered groups versus the control group and between the two concentrations of the pesticide-treated groups. Both concentrations of the insecticides induced a dose-related increase in the micronucleus frequency (P < 0.05). Dose-related increases in the number of revertants were observed with the two Salmonella strains (TA98 and TA100). All tested doses of the insecticides demonstrated mutagenic activity in the presence of S9 mix. These results lead us to the conclusion that the synergistic effect of methamidophos and imidacloprid causes an increase in potential damage to non-target organisms.

Antibacterial activity of volatile component and various extracts of Spirulina platensis.

The methanol, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extracts and volatile components of Spirulina platensis were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity (four Gram-positive, six Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans ATCC 10239). GC-MS analysis of the volatile components of S. platensis resulted in the identification of 15 compounds which constituted 96.45% of the total compounds. The volatile components of S. platensis consisted of heptadecane (39.70%) and tetradecane (34.61%) as major components. The methanol extract showed more potent antimicrobial activity than dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extracts and volatile components.

Transient neonatal hypoglycemia: cranial US and MRI findings.

A case of transient neonatal hypoglycemia with patchy hyperechogenic white matter abnormalities in the frontal and parietooccipital lobes on cranial US is presented. An MRI examination revealed T1 and T2 shortening of the lesions in the occipital and frontal white matter. Follow-up cranial US demonstrated recovery of white matter changes in the patient with normal neurological outcome.

Antibacterial activity of Salvia tomentosa essential oil.

The essential oil of Salvia tomentosa aerial parts, consisting of 1,8-cineol (17%), beta-caryophyllene (11%), cyclofenchene (10%) and delta-cadinene (6%), was screened for its antimicrobial activity. The essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Sonographic and MRI findings in prepubertal adnexal hemorrhagic cyst with torsion.

Adnexal torsion is rare before menarche. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with persistent left lower quadrant pain proven by surgery to be caused by adnexal torsion due to a hemorrhagic cyst. Sonography showed a well-defined, complex, predominantly solid mass with some sound through-transmission and a small amount of fluid. The left ovary could not be distinguished from the mass; the right ovary appeared normal. Doppler sonography demonstrated no blood flow within the mass. MRI revealed a circumferential region of high signal intensity in the periphery of the mass and multiple hyperintense foci in the left ovary.

Various radiological appearances of angiomyolipomas in the same kidney.

A 21-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis presented with abdominal distension and flank pain. Imaging studies, including CT and MR imaging, revealed bilateral renal mass lesions, containing fat and suggesting the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. However the imaging characteristics of one of these lesions differed from the others with no radiologically detectable fat tissue in this solid lesion suggesting renal cell carcinoma. Histopathological examination of this lesion in the left kidney revealed an angiomyolipoma within minimal fat tissue. The radiological diagnosis of angiomyolipomas with minimal fat tissue remains difficult and the differential diagnosis is discussed.

The antinociceptive effect of tramadol on a model of neuropathic pain in rats.

The antinociceptive activity of tramadol was investigated on the vocalization threshold to paw pressure in a rat model of unilateral mononeuropathy produced by loose ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. Despite the analgesic activity of tramadol was clearly established in motor and sensory responses of the nociceptive system in rats, the effect of this atypical opioid on experimental neuropathic pain models is not investigated. The intraperitoneally injected tramadol (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) produced a potent and dose-dependent antinociceptive effect on both lesioned and non-lesioned hind paws. However, the analgesic effect on the lesioned paw was significantly more potent than the non-lesioned paw. This effect was partially antagonized by intraperitoneally administered naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) suggesting an additional non-opioid mechanism. Our results suggest that tramadol may be useful for the alleviation of some symptoms in peripheral neuropathic conditions

Esophageal duplication cyst coexisting with Bochdalek's hernia and polysplenia.

Esophageal duplication cyst, Bochdalek's hernia and polysplenia are uncommon congenital anomalies which have not been reported to be associated with each other. We present the radiological aspects of an unusual coexistence of these three congenital anomalies in a 4-month-old girl.