[Prevention of colorectal anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer]. / Profilaktika nesostoiatel'nosti shvov kolorektal'nogo anastomoza u bol'nykh rakom priamoi kishki.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a technique of anastomosis sutures protection using the Foley catheter in rectal cancer surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 42 patients with rectal cancer T1-3N0-2M0 (the 7th TNM edition) who underwent radical sphincter-sparing surgery with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for the period from November 2016 to June 2018. All procedures were performed at the Regional Clinical Oncology Center. All operations were completed with formation of colorectal anastomosis in 'end-to-side' fashion. Patients were divided into 2 groups (main and control) depending on used technique. In the main group (n=20), Foley catheter #30 in accordance with original method was used to protect the anastomosis. Preventive colostomy was applied in 15 patients. The control group consisted of 22 patients. None of these patients underwent prevention of anastomosis leakage. Preventive colostomy was performed in 14 patients. RESULTS: There were no early postoperative complications in the main group. The catheter was removed after 7-9 days. In the control group, 5 patients had symptoms of anastomotic leakage (22.5%; p<0.05). Medication was effective in 4 cases. Re-laparotomy were required in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: Thus, anastomosis sutures protection using the Foley catheter is quite reliable and technically simple procedure with favorable outcomes.

[PD-L1 status in breast cancer]. / PD-L1-status raka molochnoi zhelezy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative and luminal B, HER2-negative breast carcinoma and to assess the association of the tumor PD-L1 status with the prognosis of the disease. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The PD-L1-status of primary tumor was studied in 72 patients with breast cancer, by using an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Differences were found in the incidence of carcinomas with PD-L1 expression in tumor cells depending on the molecular genetic type: there was a positive PD-L1 status in luminal B, HER2-negative tumors in 4 (14.81%) of 27 cases and in triple-negative tumors in 17 (37.78%) of 45 cases. An analysis of tumors after neoadjuvant therapy revealed a positive PD-L1-status in tumor cells in 1 of 18 patients with a moderate residual tumor load and in 6 of 13 with a high residual tumor load (5.56 and 46.15%, respectively), as estimated by the RCB system. CONCLUSION: The positive PD-L1 status in triple-negative breast cancer was determined more than 2 times as frequently as in luminal B, HER2-negative breast cancer (37.78 and 14.81%). There was a considerable correlation between the high residual tumor load and the positive tumor PD-L1 status.

[The comparison of laparoscopic and open lymphodissection for gastric cancer].

Lymphodissection for gastric cancer was performed in 174 patients. Among 116 patients, operated traditionally, 58% had cancer stages I and II. 58 patients operated laparoscopically revealed cancer stages I and II in 55.1%. The mean number of removed lymph nodes was 28.9+/-1.2 and was higher after laparoscopic operation (p=0.652). The duration of the laparoscopic lymphodissection operation was slightly shorter. Blood loss was significantly less during the laparoscopic procedure. The mean survival time for patients operated laparoscopically and traditionally was 30 and 26.6 months respectively.

[Hormonal status of patients with mastopathy]. / Gormonal'nyi status u bol'nykh mastopatiei.

The investigation compared blood levels of certain hormones produced both by the pituitary and peripheral endocrine glands in cases of mastopathy and healthy subjects. No significant differences for either parameter under study were found. Changes in the ratios of certain hormones suggested disturbed regulation of the endocrine system in patients with mastopathy.

[Ultrasonography in the assessment of regional lymph nodes in stomach cancer]. / [Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie v otsenke sostoianiia regionarnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov pri rake zheludka]

The echographic and histological data on regional lymph nodes in 56 cases of stomach cancer were evaluated. Microwave examinations offer a sensitivity of 91.1% and a specificity of 30.4% for this localization. Although a focus of hyperplasia cannot be differentiated from a metastatic lesion on the basis of echographic evidence, enlargements of microwave examination-established patterns might suggest a more thorough revision of areas of regional metastases, intrasurgical biopsy, in situ cytologic examination and possibly an extended lymphadenectomy during surgery.

[Rehabilitation treatment of patients with operable gastric cancer]. / Vosstanovitel'noe lechenie bol'nykh s operabel'nym rakom zheludka.

Observations over 130 patients who underwent radical operation for gastric carcinoma showed that survival is higher among those who received rehabilitation measures and that post-gastroresection complications occurred in them 1.5-2 times less frequently than in the control group; 39.2% of patients who were given rehabilitation therapy and only 15.8% of patients in the control group resumed occupational activity. The authors worked out an optimal plan of restorative treatment according to the character and severity of the postresection complications.

[The role of esophagogastroscopy in the outpatient observation of patients who underwent radical surgery for stomach cancer]. / Rol' ézofagogastroskopii v dispansernom nabliudenii za bol'nymi, radikal'no operirovannykh po povodu raka zheludka.

Esophagogastroscopy with gastric biopsy was performed in 180 gastric cancer patients during the first five years following radical surgery. The procedure was used to diagnose tumor relapse as well as inflammatory and dysplastic changes in the mucosa of the esophagus, gastric stump and anastomosis. It was of crucial importance for timely administration of rehabilitation treatment and evaluation of its results.