[Hypoglossal facial anastomosis as a solution to a total peripheral facial palsy. Our experience]. / La anastomosis hipogloso-facial como solución a una parálisis facial residual completa. Nuestra experiencia.

Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis was performed in four patients with total peripheral facial palsy after removal of cerebellopontine tumors (three patients with neurinoma) and pontine aneurysm (one patient). The anastomosis was performed after a period of 3 months to one year from surgery. The results obtained, concerning the facial activity, were clinically valued according to the tests used (questionnary, and the House-Brackmann paralysis index); the EnOG was used for its electrophysiological assessment. The follow-up period was 4 years with a good facial recovery in three patients and poor in one (class V, 27% in ENoG). We observe that the improvement in function greatly depends on the early surgical process performance.

[Aural polyp in chronic inflammatory middle ear disease]. / El pólipo aural en la patología inflamatoria crónica del oído medio.

240 patients with chronic otitis media (COM) were studied: 166 ears termed as non cholesteatomatous otitis media and 74 with cholesteatoma. In 38 ears an aural polyp was found with no evidence of cholesteatoma in 19 ears (11.4%) whereas a cholesteatoma was present in the remaining 19 ears. The histology of the polyp and the characteristics of the chronic process were matched: a) The aural polyp is an infrequent complication in COM. b) After histological analysis was found to present two different pictures: The inflammatory reaction polyp, present in non cholesteatomatous COM; and the polyp with granulation tissue and foreign body reaction (keratina) usually found in cholesteatomatous COM. c) The finding of granulation tissue reaction and keratina in an aural polyp is a good predictor for the presence of a cholesteatoma.

[Correlation between otoacoustic emissions and BAEP. The importance of their combined use]. / Correlación entre emisiones otoacústicas y PETC. La importancia de su empleo combinado.

Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) of 50 newborn with negative transient evoked acoustic emissions (OEAT) was performed. 54% of them had no family history of sensorineural hearing loss (SHNL) and no risk factors were found. In 70% of cases ABR recording was negative. Follow up did show that 60% of them had normal recordings of hearing and in a 40% different stages of hearing loss were seen. To establish a definitive diagnosis a 1 to 9 month period is necessary.

[Evaluation of electroneurography as a prognostic method in the development of peripheral facial paralysis]. / Valoración de la electroneurografía como método pronóstico en la evolución de la parálisis facial periférica.

Electroneurography (EnoG) is a prognostic test used in the assessment of the peripheral facial nerve paralysis. We believe that when performed in standard conditions and together with the clinical evolutive parameters, it is very useful to reveal the critical time for a more radical treatment. We studied 44 patients; 13 patients had greater than 90% neural degeneration on EnoG. 5 of them underwent facial nerve surgical decompression due to a poor clinical outcome and up to three of these patients had a normal facial function after this.

[Forestier's syndrome. Report of two cases]. / Síndrome de Forestier. A propósito de dos casos.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) with cervical involvement which cause dysphagia is a rare disease. The otolaryngologist usually can make its diagnostic with a barium swallowing esophagogram. Two patients with DISH are reported.

[Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the larynx. Report of 2 cases]. / Carcinoma linfoepitelial de laringe. A propósito de dos casos.

Laryngeal lymphoepithelioma is a rare tumor (16 cases in the literature). It is an association of undifferentiated, non-keratinizing cells and normal lymphocytes and plasma cells. The Epstein-Barr virus is rarely found. To determine the actual nature of the tumor, a complete histochemical workup and/or electron microscopy often are needed. Cervical lymph node involvement is common. We report the cases of two men. In one patient, the tumor was located in the glossoepiglottic fold and in the other it was located in the left ventricule and false vocal cord. EB virus was absent in both cases. Cervical lymph node metastases were found, but not distant metastases. One patient was treated by irradiation and the second underwent surgery (supraglottic laryngectomy and cervical dissection) and was referred to radiotherapy for further treatment.

[Intranasal meningoencephalocele. A case report]. / Meningoencefalocele intranasal. A propósito de un caso.

Intranasal meningoencephaloceles are rare. The tumor's appearance may suggest the diagnosis of a nasal polyp or glioma. This may lead to an inappropriate surgical approach and serious neurological complications. We report the case of an intranasal meningoencephalocele initially treated as a nasal polyp and complicated by nasal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. The differential diagnosis of the tumor using CT and MRI and surgical treatment are described.

[Nasal mucosa and systemic repercussion of the topical and prolonged use of budesonide in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis]. / Repercusión sobre la mucosa nasal y sistémica del uso tópico y prolongado de la Budesonide en pacientes con rinitis alérgica perenne.

In a prospective study, measurement of a 9.00 a.m. basal serum cortisol and biopsies of the inferior turbinate mucosa were taken from 40 patients using topical nasal corticosteroid (Budesonide) continuously for month or years. No systemic adverse effects and no histopathological changes of significance were found. These findings do no suggest that topically corticosteroids are harmful to the nasal mucosa and no produce systemic effects.

[Polyps, nodules, and Reinke edema. An epidemiological and histopathological study]. / Pólipo, nódulo y edema de Reinke. Estudio epidemiológico e histopatológico.

A retrospective epidemiological and histopathological review was made of 258 patients. Forty had laryngeal polyps, 35 vocal fold nodules, and 41 Reinke edema. One hundred forty-two records were excluded for lack of epidemiological or histopathological data. No dysplastic changes were observed in nodules or polyps. One patient with edema had mild dysplasia. The epidemiological data showed that voice abuse or misuse was the main factor in patients with vocal fold nodules; smoking was the main factor in polyps and edema.

[Facial nerve anomaly. A morphohistological study. Apropos a case]. / Anomalía del nervio facial. Estudio morfohistológico. A propósito de un caso.

A malformation of the facial nerve in the temporal bone of an otherwise normal adult is reported. The abnormality consisted in the facial nerve obstructing the oval window in the second part of its intrapetrosal section.

[A new case of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cytogenetic study]. / Un nuevo caso de displasia fibrosa craneo-facial con estudio citogenético.

Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon condition, which most obvious expression is the disorder of the osseous tissue setting up. Craniofacial bones are preferential sitting targets. We report a new case, in a 14-year-old boy, whose cytogenetic study neither in peripheral blood nor in tumor cells showed significantly differences.

Incidence of dehiscences in the fallopian canal.

Fifty human temporal bones from necropsies were used to study the frequency of canal dehiscences in detail along the course of the facial nerve. Specifically, the study focused on bony dehiscences in the fallopian canal and vascular communications between the facial nerve and the surrounding bone. High frequency of dehiscences at the oval window (60%) and in the pyramidal segment (54%) were found. These dehiscence rates are in agreement with published reports. A 20% rate of dehiscences at the most anterior segment of the tympanic segment was noted and a non-reported high rate (20%) of multiple dehiscences along the course of the fallopian canal in the same temporal bone in specimens of newborns and young children. The significance of these findings in terms of clinical implications is discussed.