Association between parental phubbing and short-form video addiction: A moderated mediation analysis among Chinese adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Short-form video applications have spread rapidly and gained popularity among adolescents for their interactivity, sociality, and personalization. However, excessive and uncontrolled use has also caused some adolescents to develop short-form video addiction (SFVA). Although parental phubbing has been shown to be a risk factor for SFVA in adolescents, its intermediate mechanisms, particularly the emotional mediation mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships among parental phubbing, SFVA, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neuroticism in adolescents. METHODS: Adolescents aged 13-19 (N = 5785) were recruited from Shandong Province, China, as participants in 2023. Participants were asked to complete five self-report questionnaires, including the Parental Phubbing Behavior Questionnaire (PPBQ), Short-Form Video Addiction (SFVA) Scale, The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD20), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (Brief Version) (CBF-PI-B). RESULTS: The results indicate that the influence of parental phubbing on short-form video addiction among adolescents is mediated by symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, neuroticism moderates the association between parental phubbing and symptoms of depression and anxiety. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design limits causal inferences. Reliance on self-report scales. CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the systemic impact mechanisms of negative family interactions on SFVA. Moreover, prevention and intervention strategies targeting high neuroticism and symptoms of depression and anxiety may help prevent the developmental pathway from parental phubbing to SFVA.

68Ga-grazytracer PET for noninvasive assessment of response to immunotherapy in solid tumors and lymphomas: a phase 1/2 clinical trial.

To tackle the clinical challenge of noninvasively assessing immunotherapy efficacy in patients, here we used positron emission tomography (PET) with 68Ga-grazytracer, which targets granzyme B, a crucial effector molecule secreted by activated CD8+ T cells. In this phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT05000372) involving a diverse cohort of 24 patients with solid tumors and lymphomas who received immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (either alone or with chemotherapies) and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy, we examined the in vivo behaviors of 68Ga-grazytracer. Primary endpoints were safety, biodistribution, granzyme B specificity, and the predictive utility of 68Ga-grazytracer, while secondary endpoint was the relationship between 68Ga-grazytracer uptake and tumor immune phenotype. 68Ga-grazytracer exhibited a safe profile and specifically targeted granzyme B in patients. 68Ga-grazytracer PET showed superior predictive value for short-term prognosis and progression-free survival than those of conventional assessment criteria, including RECIST 1.1 and PERCIST. Moreover, the uptake of 68Ga-grazytracer in tumors was significantly higher in those with a "non-desert" immune phenotype than those with an immune "desert" phenotype, thereby meeting the primary and secondary endpoints of this trial. Collectively, we successfully visualized CD8+ T cell effector function in humans using 68Ga-grazytracer PET, offering insights for enhancing immunotherapy assessment, patient stratification and treatment planning.

Reproductive safety of STING agonists MSA-2 and manganese-MSA-2.

Background: MSA-2, as an oral molecule for activating STING signaling pathway to cure the tumor entering clinical trials. The toxicity of MSA-2 has aroused wide concern, especially the reproductive toxicity can not be ignored. Objectives: We synthesized the STING agonist (MSA-2) and its derivative manganese-MSA-2 (MSA-2-Mn) and investigated the reproductive toxicity. Methods: We evaluated the reproductive effects of MSA-2 and MSA-2-Mn in female mice under the administration alone and on the reproductive system of male mice in the presence or absence of combined radiation. Results: Results suggested that MSA-2 and MSA-2-Mn have negligible reproductive toxicity in healthy adults. Conclusions: This provides new ideas to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy, as well as favorable evidence for future systemic dosing in patients of reproductive age and clinical trials of immunotherapy.

Novel and effective screening system for recombinant protein production in CHO cells.

At present, biopharmaceuticals have received extensive attention from the society, among which recombinant proteins have a good growth trend and a large market share. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred mammalian system to produce glycosylated recombinant protein drugs. A highly efficient and stable cell screening method needs to be developed to obtain more and useful recombinant proteins. Limited dilution method, cell sorting, and semi-solid medium screening are currently the commonly used cell cloning methods. These methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and they have the disadvantage of low clone survival rate. Here, a method based on semi-solid medium was developed to screen out high-yielding and stable cell line within 3 weeks to improve the screening efficiency. The semi-solid medium was combined with an expression vector containing red fluorescent protein (RFP) for early cell line development. In accordance with the fluorescence intensity of RFP, the expression of upstream target gene could be indicated, and the fluorescence intensity was in direct proportion to the expression of upstream target gene. In conclusion, semi-solid medium combined with bicistronic expression vector provides an efficient method for screening stable and highly expressed cell lines.

Universal sulfatase-based chemiluminescence biosensing platform: Validation via AFP detection in clinical blood samples.

Enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence has been widely used in the field of biomedicine, especially in the test kit for various biomarkers. However, the currently reported enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence systems suffered from the addition of oxidizing substances, short emission wavelength, and susceptibility to interference by autofluorescence. In this paper, a universal sulfatase-based chemiluminescence system with NIR was developed, in which the designed substrate QM-CF could be transformed into 1,2-dioxetane derivate in the presence of sulfatase and oxygen. This system exhibited long emission wavelengths and CL half-time, a high signal-noise ratio, and without other additives. Importantly, the sulfatase-based chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunoassay platform was successfully constructed and could be generally applied to detect biomarkers. As a proof of concept, the sulfatase-labeled AFP antibody and substate QM-CF were conveniently suitable for commercial AFP test kits, leading to satisfactory detection results of AFP in clinical blood samples.

Deep learning-based structure segmentation and intramuscular fat annotation on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a prevalent cause of low back pain. LDH patients commonly experience paraspinal muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration (FI), which further exacerbates the symptoms of low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for assessing paraspinal muscle condition. Our study aims to develop a dual-model for automated muscle segmentation and FI annotation on MRI, assisting clinicians evaluate LDH conditions comprehensively. Methods: The study retrospectively collected data diagnosed with LDH from December 2020 to May 2022. The dataset was split into a 7:3 ratio for training and testing, with an external test set prepared to validate model generalizability. The model's performance was evaluated using average precision (AP), recall and F1 score. The consistency was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Cohen's Kappa. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was calculated to assess the error of the model measurements of relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) and FI. Calculate the MAPE of FI measured by threshold algorithms to compare with the model. Results: A total of 417 patients being evaluated, comprising 216 males and 201 females, with a mean age of 49 ± 15 years. In the internal test set, the muscle segmentation model achieved an overall DSC of 0.92 ± 0.10, recall of 92.60%, and AP of 0.98. The fat annotation model attained a recall of 91.30%, F1 Score of 0.82, and Cohen's Kappa of 0.76. However, there was a decrease on the external test set. For rCSA measurements, except for longissimus (10.89%), the MAPE of other muscles was less than 10%. When comparing the errors of FI for each paraspinal muscle, the MAPE of the model was lower than that of the threshold algorithm. Conclusion: The models demonstrate outstanding performance, with lower error in FI measurement compared to thresholding algorithms.

Maternal Glycemia During Pregnancy and Child Lung Function: A Prospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to be associated with certain respiratory impairments in offspring. However, the specific association between maternal GDM and childhood lung function remains unclear. We examined the association of maternal glycemia, as measured by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values, with childhood lung function outcomes in a birth cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A follow-up study was conducted with 889 children aged 6 years whose mothers underwent a 75-g OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. After adjusting for prenatal and postnatal factors, multivariable regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between maternal glycemia and offspring lung function. RESULTS: In total, 10.7% of the offspring were exposed to maternal GDM. Maternal GDM significantly reduced the z score of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC in children, with more pronounced effects in female offspring. Maternal 1- and 2-h post-OGTT glucose z scores and the sum of those z scores, but not those for fasting glucose, were inversely associated with several measures of children's lung function. Additionally, maternal GDM increased the risk of impaired lung function in children (odds ratio 2.64; 95% CI, 1.10-5.85), defined as an FVC <85% of the predicted value. There were no significant associations with FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal hyperglycemia was negatively associated with lung function in children, particularly among girls. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association and to explore potential interventions to mitigate its effects.

E3 ubiquitin ligase ANKIB1 attenuates antiviral immune responses by promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS.

Upon sensing cytosolic viral RNA, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins (MAVSs) to activate IRF3 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, initiating innate immune responses. Thus, RLR activation plays a vital role in the removal of invasive RNA viruses while maintaining immune homeostasis. However, inadequate or excessive activation of immunity can cause harm and can even lead to lethal consequences. In this study, we identify an E3 ligase, ankyrin repeat and IBR domain containing 1 (ANKIB1), which suppresses RLR signaling via MAVS. ANKIB1 binds to MAVS to enhance K48-linked polyubiquitination with K311R, causing proteasomal degradation of MAVS. Deficiency of ANKIB1 significantly increases the RLR-mediated production of type I interferon (IFN) along with pro-inflammatory factors. Consequently, ANKIB1 deficiency remarkably increases antiviral immunity and decreases viral replication in vivo. Therefore, we reveal that ANKIB1 restricts RLR-induced innate immune activation, indicating its potential role as a therapeutic target for viral infections.

Energy-Efficient Smart Window Based on a Thermochromic Hydrogel with Adjustable Critical Response Temperature and High Solar Modulation Ability.

Thermochromic smart windows realize an intelligent response to changes in environmental temperature through reversible physical phase transitions. They complete a real-time adjustment of solar transmittance, create a livable indoor temperature for humans, and reduce the energy consumption of buildings. Nevertheless, conventional materials that are used to prepare thermochromic smart windows face challenges, including fixed transition temperatures, limited solar modulation capabilities, and inadequate mechanical properties. In this study, a novel thermochromic hydrogel was synthesized from 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl hydroxyethyl celluloses (HBPEC) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) by using a simple one-step low-temperature polymerization method. The HBPEC/PNIPAM hydrogel demonstrates a wide response temperature (24.1-33.2 °C), high light transmittance (Tlum = 87.5%), excellent solar modulation (ΔTsol = 71.2%), and robust mechanical properties. HBPEC is a functional material that can be used to adjust the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the smart window over a wide range by changing the degree of substitution (DS) of the butoxy group in its structure. In addition, the use of HBPEC effectively improves the light transmittance and mechanical properties of the hydrogels. After 100 heating and cooling cycles, the hydrogel still has excellent stability. Furthermore, indoor simulation experiments show that HBPEC/PNIPAM hydrogel smart windows have better indoor temperature regulation capabilities than traditional windows, making these smart windows potential candidates for energy-saving building materials.

Abnormal Functional Attributes of Central Executive Network in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Associated with End-Stage Renal Disease.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess changes in the central executive network (CEN) of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS: A total of 121 patients with ESRD and 66 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Patients were divided into an MCI group (n = 67) and a cognitively unimpaired group (n = 54). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The functional attributes of the CEN were calculated using three methods of functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Relationships among imaging features, cognitive scale scores, and clinical data were assessed, and a model was constructed to diagnose MCI in patients with ESRD. RESULTS: The comparison of the three groups showed that there were significant differences in the FC values of five connection pairs within the CEN, and the CEN demonstrated significant differences in connectivity to ten brain regions. In patients with MCI associated with ESRD, the information transmission efficiency of the CEN was reduced, which demonstrates the characteristics of a random network to some extent. Significant correlations were observed among imaging parameters, cognitive scale scores, and clinical data. The diagnostic model constructed based on these results demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration. CONCLUSION: Alterations in the function of the CEN provide relevant bases for revealing the neuropathological mechanism of MCI in patients with ESRD. The diagnostic model developed in this study may help to establish more reliable imaging markers for detecting early cognitive impairment in this patient population.

Blood-based molecular and cellular biomarkers of early response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Despite the improved survival observed in PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, a substantial proportion of cancer patients, including those with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), still lack a response. METHODS: Transcriptomic profiling was conducted on a discovery cohort comprising 100 whole blood samples, as collected multiple times from 48 healthy controls (including 43 published data) and 31 NSCLC patients that under treatment with a combination of anti-PD-1 Tislelizumab and chemotherapy. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), simulated immune cell subsets, and germline DNA mutational markers were identified from patients achieved a pathological complete response during the early treatment cycles. The predictive values of mutational markers were further validated in an independent immunotherapy cohort of 1661 subjects, and then confirmed in genetically matched lung cancer cell lines by a co-culturing model. RESULTS: The gene expression of hundreds of DEGs (FDR p < 0.05, fold change < -2 or > 2) distinguished responders from healthy controls, indicating the potential to stratify patients utilizing early on-treatment features from blood. PD-1-mediated cell abundance changes in memory CD4 + and regulatory T cell subset were more significant or exclusively observed in responders. A panel of top-ranked genetic alterations showed significant associations with improved survival (p < 0.05) and heightened responsiveness to anti-PD-1 treatment in patient cohort and co-cultured cell lines. CONCLUSION: This study discovered and validated peripheral blood-based biomarkers with evident predictive efficacy for early therapy response and patient stratification before treatment for neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in NSCLC patients.

A Semi-Supervised Adaptive Matrix Machine Approach for Fault Diagnosis in Railway Switch Machine.

The switch machine, an essential element of railway infrastructure, is crucial in maintaining the safety of railway operations. Traditional methods for fault diagnosis are constrained by their dependence on extensive labeled datasets. Semi-supervised learning (SSL), although a promising solution to the scarcity of samples, faces challenges such as the imbalance of pseudo-labels and inadequate data representation. In response, this paper presents the Semi-Supervised Adaptive Matrix Machine (SAMM) model, designed for the fault diagnosis of switch machine. SAMM amalgamates semi-supervised learning with adaptive technologies, leveraging adaptive low-rank regularizer to discern the fundamental links between the rows and columns of matrix data and applying adaptive penalty items to correct imbalances across sample categories. This model methodically enlarges its labeled dataset using probabilistic outputs and semi-supervised, automatically adjusting parameters to accommodate diverse data distributions and structural nuances. The SAMM model's optimization process employs the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to identify solutions efficiently. Experimental evidence from a dataset containing current signals from switch machines indicates that SAMM outperforms existing baseline models, demonstrating its exceptional status diagnostic capabilities in situations where labeled samples are scarce. Consequently, SAMM offers an innovative and effective approach to semi-supervised classification tasks involving matrix data.

Hypolipidemic effect of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme and its ultrasonic degraded polysaccharide on zebrafish fed high-fat diet.

Sargassum fusiforme is a brown seaweed that grows abundantly along the rocky coastlines of Asian countries. The polysaccharides derived from Sargassum fusiforme (SFPS) have received much interest due to their various bioactivities, such as hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we extracted and purified SFPS, and obtained the ultrasonic degradation product (SFPSUD). The lipid regulatory effects of SFPS and SFPSUD were investigated in a zebrafish model fed a high-fat diet. The results showed that SFPS significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and increased the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL). SFPSUD was more effective than the SFPS in reducing the TC and TG levels in zebrafish, as well as increasing the LPL and HL activities. Histopathological observations of zebrafish livers showed that SFPSUD significantly improved lipid metabolism disorder in the hepatocytes. The possible lipid-lowering mechanism in zebrafish associated with SFPS and SFPSUD may involve acceleration of the lipid metabolism rate by increasing the activities of LPL and HL. Thus, SFPSUD could be tested as a highly effective hypolipidemic drug. Our results suggest that SFPS and SFPSUD have potential uses as functional foods for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia. Ultrasound can be effectively applied to degrade SFPS to improve its physicochemical properties and bioactivities.

The precision of technical aspects in the minimally invasive Broström-Gould procedure: a cadaveric anatomical study.

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the anterolateral ankle joint and its interrelationships is essential for advancing the development of minimally invasive Broström-Gould procedure, thereby enhancing surgical efficacy and minimizing postoperative complications. METHODS: Ten fresh human ankle specimens were dissected to observe the shape and trajectory of the lateral bundle of the inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) and its relationship with the deep fascia. To observe the relationship between the ankle capsule and the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). The center of the insertion point of ATFL at the lateral malleolus was used as the reference point. The vertical distance from the reference point to the fibula tip, the horizontal distance from the reference point to the lateral branch of the superficial peroneal nerve, the shortest distance from the reference point to IER, the narrowest width of the IER, the angle between the line connecting the shortest distance from the reference point to the IER and the longitudinal axis of the fibula were measured. The tension and elasticity of ATFL was understood. To describe the minimally invasive Broström-Gould procedure according to the anatomical characteristics of the anterolateral ankle joint. RESULTS: Among the 10 cases, 8 cases (80%) had double bundles of ATFL, 2 cases (20%) had single bundle of ATFL, and no outer superior oblique bundle was observed in IER. The vertical distance from the reference point to the fibula tip was 1.2 ± 0.3 (range 1.1-1.3) mm. The shortest distance from the reference point to the level of the superficial peroneal branch was 28.2 ± 4.3 (range 24.5-32.4) mm. The shortest distance from the reference point to IER was 12.5 ± 0.6 (range 12.1-12.9) mm, and the width of IER at this point was 7.2 ± 0.3 (range 7.0-7.6) mm. The angle between the line connecting the shortest distance from the reference point to the IER and the longitudinal axis of the fibula was about 60° ± 2.8° (range 58.1°-62.1°) mm. The space between the anterolateral deep fascia of the ankle joint and the ankle capsule is very small, and only a few fat granules are separated between them. The ATFL is largely fused to the ankle capsule. The ATFL exhibited high tension and poor elasticity after traction with the probe hook. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that in the minimally invasive Broström-Gould technique for lateral ankle stabilization, the Broström procedure actually sutured the insertion of the ATFL together with the ankle capsule to the anterior edge of the lateral malleolus. In the Gould procedure, the deep fascia was mostly reinforced with the ankle capsule. The minimum suture span was obtained when the Gould suture needle direction was at an Angle of 60° to the longitudinal axis of the fibula.

Landscape fragmentation and regularity lead to decreased carbon stocks in basins: Evidence from century-scale research.

Landscapes evolution have significantly altered the Earth's energy balance and biogeochemical cycles, thereby exacerbating climate change. This, in turn, affects surface characteristics and the provision of ecosystem services, especially carbon storage. While recent centuries have witnessed unprecedented landscape changes, limited long-term studies have offered insights into the comparison between present-day features and historical conditions. This study utilized historical reconstruction data and remote sensing imagery to assess landscape evolution and its consequences for carbon stocks over 300 years. Employing multiple regression and random forest models were selected to quantify the influence of key landscape metrics on carbon stocks in the Dongting Lake basin, allowing for a thorough analysis across different sub-basins and land types. The results revealed that intensified human disturbances led to increased landscape fragmentation (+82%), regularity (+56%), and diversity (+37%) within the basin. Moreover, carbon stocks decreased from 4.13 Gt to 3.66 Gt, representing an 11.4% loss, with soil carbon stock experiencing the most considerable reduction (0.24 Gt, 51%). These changes in carbon stock metrics corresponded to shifts in landscape patterns, both undergoing significant transitions at the turn of the 21st century. Meanwhile, fragmentation and regularity played a vital role in explaining carbon stock changes, as their increase contributes to greater carbon losses. Likewise, an increase in landscape diversity correlated with decreased carbon stocks, challenging the prevailing notion that enhanced diversity promotes carbon stocks. The influence of landscape patterns on carbon stocks varies notably across distinct land types. An increase in the dominance of farmland and built-up land led to decreased carbon stocks, while the opposite holds true for forestland. Similarly, a decrease in regularity for farmland, forestland, and built-up land benefits carbon storage, while grassland demonstrates the opposite trend. These findings offer insights for countries and regions in the early stages of development or approaching development, suggesting improvements in land use practices and strategies to address climate change. This involves offsetting land-based carbon emissions through changes in landscape spatial configuration.

Gastric cancer prevention by community eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Affecting more than 40% of the world's population, Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. While previous clinical trials indicated that eradication of H. pylori could reduce gastric cancer risk, this remains to be shown using a population-based approach. We conducted a community-based, cluster-randomized, controlled, superiority intervention trial in Linqu County, China, with individuals who tested positive for H. pylori using a 13C-urea breath test randomly assigned to receiving either (1) a 10-day, quadruple anti-H. pylori treatment (comprising 20 mg of omeprazole, 750 mg of tetracycline, 400 mg of metronidazole and 300 mg of bismuth citrate) or (2) symptom alleviation treatment with a single daily dosage of omeprazole and bismuth citrate. H. pylori-negative individuals did not receive any treatment. We examined the incidence of gastric cancer as the primary outcome. A total of 180,284 eligible participants from 980 villages were enrolled over 11.8 years of follow-up, and a total of 1,035 cases of incident gastric cancer were documented. Individuals receiving anti-H. pylori therapy showed a modest reduction in gastric cancer incidence in intention-to-treat analyses (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.74-0.99), with a stronger effect observed for those having successful H. pylori eradication (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.69-0.96) than for those who failed treatment. Moderate adverse effects were reported in 1,345 participants during the 10-day treatment. We observed no severe intolerable adverse events during either treatment or follow-up. The findings suggest the potential for H. pylori mass screening and eradication as a public health policy for gastric cancer prevention. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-10000979 .

The associations between interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment: a cross-lagged panel network analysis.

Extensively studied in interparental relationship literature suggests interparental conflict is a risk factor for adolescent adjustment, but the specific, dimension level relationships between interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment remain unclear. This study explored the interactions between the various dimensions of interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment in Chinese adolescents. A total of 1870 Chinese adolescents (42.27% males; Mage = 16.18, SD = 0.43, range = 15-18) completed a survey at two time points spaced three months apart. Data was analyzed using both cross-sectional and longitudinal network analysis. The cross-sectional network analysis found that resolution has the greatest connections with the dimensions of adolescent adjustment, suggesting that adolescents reporting high resolution are more prone to experience concurrent poor adjustment and therefore should be a primary focus of attention. The longitudinal network analysis revealed that, in general, previous hyperactivity-inattention is a significant and strong predictor of future interparental conflict, underscoring a child-driven effect. Meanwhile, prosocial behavior contributes to decreases in both interparental conflict and adjustment problems over time. These findings highlight the importance of addressing hyperactivity-inattention and cultivating prosocial behavior in adolescents as key intervention points-these can help resolve conflicts between parents and reduce adjustment problems for adolescents.

Supramolecular engineering cascade regulates NIR-II J-aggregates to improve photodynamic therapy.

Rational design of small organic molecule-based NIR-II photosensitizers (PSs) with high singlet oxygen quantum yield in aqueous solution for deep tissue imaging and cancer therapy still presents challenges. Herein, we devised a general synthesis strategy to obtain six NIR-II region PSs with tunable aggregation states by adjusting the steric effect, and all PSs possess longer NIR absorption/emission wavelengths with tails extending beyond 1200 nm. Notably, ATX-6 possessed a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 38.2% and exhibited concentration-dependent J-aggregation properties upon self-assembly in an aqueous solution. What's more, supramolecular engineering with DSPE-PEG2000 further enhanced its degree of J-aggregation, which was attributed to the dimer-excited reduction of the energy levels of the single-linear/triple-linear states and the facilitation of intersystem crossover processes. In addition, ATX-6 NPs showed superior photodynamic therapy effects and great potential in high-contrast in vivo bioimaging of the NIR-II region. These results provide valuable insights for achieving the diagnostic and therapeutic integration of tumors.

Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome reveals the molecular responses of tobacco to boron deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants. Inappropriate B supply detrimentally affects the productivity of numerous crops. Understanding of the molecular responses of plants to different B supply levels would be of significance in crop improvement and cultivation practices to deal with the problem. RESULTS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of tobacco seedlings to investigate the expression changes of genes/proteins in response to different B supply levels, with a particular focus on B deficiency. The global gene and protein expression profiles revealed the potential mechanisms involved in the responses of tobacco to B deficiency, including up-regulation of the NIP5;1-BORs module, complex regulation of genes/proteins related to cell wall metabolism, and up-regulation of the antioxidant machinery. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that B deficiency caused severe morphological and physiological disorders in tobacco seedlings, and revealed dynamic expression changes of tobacco genes/proteins in response to different B supply levels, especially to B deficiency, thus offering valuable insights into the molecular responses of tobacco to B deficiency.

Application value of laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients (≥ 75 years) with colorectal cancer and prognostic factors influencing 5-year overall survival.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients (≥ 75 years) with colorectal cancer, and to identify the prognostic factors influencing the long-term survival in this demographic, and to establish a predictive nomogram model. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 146 elderly (≥ 75 years old) colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery in Baoji People's Hospital from August 2016 to February 2018, including 55 patients who underwent laparotomy and 91 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in prognosis were assessed using the Log-rank test. Prognostic impacts of various factors on 5-year survival were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Significant predictors identified in the Cox model were used to construct a nomogram for predicting survival, which was then validated for accuracy and clinical utility. RESULTS: Laparoscopic surgery was associated with shorter hospital stays (P = 0.022), although at a higher cost (P = 0.011). The laparoscopic group also had less intraoperative bleeding (P < 0.001), incision length (P < 0.001), time to first postoperative expectoration (P < 0.001), time to first postoperative feeding (P = 0.002), and time to postoperative peritoneal drainage (P = 0.003) compared to the open surgery group. Additionally, the rate of postoperative wound complications was also lower in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.014). There was no significant difference in the 5-year post-treatment survival between the two groups (P = 0.150). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis revealed that a history of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.037), vascular infiltration (P = 0.026), nerve bundle invasion (P = 0.001), and TNM stage (P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors affecting the 5-year survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The constructed nomogram showed high predictive accuracy for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, with AUC values of 0.91, 0.87, and 0.79, respectively. Calibration curves and decision curve analysis confirmed the model's clinical utility. Risk formula: History of diabetes mellitus * -0.696194503 + Vascular infiltration * -0.769736513 + Nerve bundle invasion * -1.1709777 + TNM staging * 1.201933691. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery can reduce intraoperative trauma and accelerate postoperative recovery in elderly colorectal cancer patients (≥ 75 years) compared to open surgery. The developed nomogram model based on independent prognostic factors such as diabetes history, vascular infiltration, nerve bundle invasion, and TNM staging, facilitates tailored prognostic assessment, enhancing individual patient management.