Heterogeneous Porous Synergistic Photocatalysts for Organic Transformations.

Recent interest has surged in using heterogeneous carriers to boost synergistic photocatalysis for organic transformations. Heterogeneous catalysts not only facilitate synergistic enhancement of distinct catalytic centers compared to their homogeneous counterparts, but also allow for the easy recovery and reuse of catalysts. This mini-review summarizes recent advancements in developing heterogeneous carriers, including metal-organic frameworks, covalent-organic frameworks, porous organic polymers, and others, for synergistic catalytic reactions. The advantages of porous materials in heterogeneous catalysis originate from their ability to provide a high surface area, facilitate enhanced mass transport, offer a tunable chemical structure, ensure the stability of active species, and enable easy recovery and reuse of catalysts. Both photosensitizers and catalysts can be intricately incorporated into suitable porous carriers to create heterogeneous dual photocatalysts for organic transformations. Notably, experimental evidence from reported cases has shown that the catalytic efficacy of heterogeneous catalysts often surpasses that of their homogeneous analogues. This enhanced performance is attributed to the proximity and confinement effects provided by the porous nature of the carriers. It is expected that porous carriers will provide a versatile platform for integrating diverse catalysts, thus exhibiting superior performance across a range of organic transformations and appealing prospect for industrial applications.

Effects of surfactants on the adsorption of norfloxacin onto ferrihydrite: comparison between anionic and cationic surfactants.

There is little information on how widespread surfactants affect the adsorption of norfloxacin (NOR) onto iron oxide minerals. In order to elucidate the effects of various surfactants on the adsorption characteristics of NOR onto typical iron oxides, we have explored the different influences of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), an anionic surfactant, and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), a cationic surfactant, on the interactions between NOR and ferrihydrite under different solution chemistry conditions. Interestingly, SDBS facilitated NOR adsorption, whereas DDAB inhibited NOR adsorption. The adsorption-enhancement effect of SDBS was ascribed to the enhanced electrostatic attraction, the interactions between the adsorbed SDBS on ferrihydrite surfaces and NOR molecules, and the bridging effect of SDBS between NOR and iron oxide. In comparison, the adsorption-inhibition effect of DDAB owning to the adsorption site competitive adsorption between NOR and DDAB for the effective sites as well as the steric hindrance between NOR-DDAB complexes and the adsorbed DDAB on ferrihydrite surfaces. Additionally, the magnitude of the effects of surfactants on NOR adsorption declined with increasing pH values from 5.0 to 9.0, which was related to the amounts of surfactant binding to ferrihydrite surfaces. Moreover, when the background electrolyte was Ca2+, the enhanced effect of SDBS on NOR adsorption was caused by the formation of NOR-Ca2+-SDBS complexes. The inhibitory effect of DDAB was due to the DDAB coating on ferrihydrite, which undermined the cation-bridging effect. Together, the findings from this work emphasize the essential roles of widely existing surfactants in controlling the environmental fate of quinolone antibiotics.

Fabrication, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams: A Review.

Closed-cell aluminum foams have many excellent properties, such as low density, high specific strength, great energy absorption, good sound absorption, electromagnetic shielding, heat and flame insulation, etc. As a new kind of material, closed-cell aluminum foams have been used in lightweight structures, traffic collision protections, sound absorption walls, building decorations, and many other places. In this paper, the recent progress of closed-cell aluminum foams, on fabrication techniques, including the melt foaming method, gas injection foaming method, and powder metallurgy foaming method, and on processing techniques, including powder metallurgy foaming process, two-step foaming process, cast foaming process, gas injection foaming process, mold pressing process, and integral foaming process, are summarized. Properties and applications of closed-cell aluminum foams are discussed based on the mechanical properties and physical properties separately. Special focuses are made on the newly developed cast-forming process for complex 3D parts and the improvement of mechanical properties by the development of small pore size foam fabrication and modification of cell wall microstructures.

Influence of surfactant molecular features on tetracycline transport in saturated porous media of varied surface heterogeneities.

This study aims to understand how surfactants affect the mobility of tetracycline (TC), an antibiotic, through different aquifer media. Two anionic and cationic surfactants, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), were used to study their influence on TC mobility through clean sand and humic acid (HA)-coated sand. HA coating inhibits TC mobility due to its strong interaction with TC. Both surfactants promoted TC mobility at pH 7.0 due to competitive deposition, steric effect, and increased hydrophilicity of TC. CTAB had a more substantial effect than SDBS, related to the surfactants' molecular properties. Each surfactant's promotion effects were greater in HA-coated sand than in quartz sand due to differences in surfactant retention. CTAB inhibited TC transport at pH 9.0 due to its significant hydrophobicity effect. Furthermore, in the presence of Ca2+, SDBS enhanced TC transport by forming deposited SDBS-Ca2+-TC complexes. On the other hand, CTAB increased TC mobility due to its inhibition of cation bridging between TC and porous media. The findings highlight surfactants' crucial role in influencing the environmental behaviors of tetracycline antibiotics in varied aquifers.

Thermo-responsive chiral micelles as recyclable organocatalyst for asymmetric Rauhut-Currier reaction in water.

Developing eco-friendly chiral organocatalysts with the combined advantages of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous processes is greatly desired. In this work, a family of amphiphilic one-handed helical polyisocyanides bearing phosphine pendants is prepared, which self-assembles into well-defined chiral micelles in water and showed thermo-responsiveness with a cloud point of approximately 38.4 °C. The micelles with abundant phosphine moieties at the interior efficiently catalyze asymmetric cross Rauhut-Currier reaction in water. Various water-insoluble substrates are transferred to target products in high yield with excellent enantioselectivity. The yield and enantiomeric excess (ee) of the product generated in water are up to 90% and 96%, respectively. Meanwhile, the yields of the same R-C reaction catalyzed by the polymer itself in organic solvents is <16%, with an ee < 72%. The homogeneous reaction of the chiral micelles in water turns to heterogeneous at temperatures higher than the cloud point, and the catalyst precipitation facilitates product isolation and catalyst recovery. The polymer catalyst is recycled 10 times while maintaining activity and enantioselectivity.

A retrospective study of magnetic resonance sialography imaging applied in the prognostic evaluation of chronic obstructive parotitis.

Background: Magnetic resonance sialography (MRS) can be used to clearly examine the main duct of the parotid and is widely applied in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive parotitis (COP). However, there are few studies on the classification, treatment options and prognosis of COP using MRS. Methods: Clinical and imaging data were retrospectively collected from 41 patients with COP between January 2010 and December 2020 at the Ninth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. All patients underwent MRS and were treated with intraductal irrigation. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of symptomatic relapse during the 6-month follow-up period. The imaging features of parotid MRS included three parts: gland volume, stenosis classification and dilatation classification. The location/length of dilatation, the widest diameter of the dilated duct, and the condition of the branch ducts were also recorded and compared between the groups. Results: A mean of 14.8±12.3 irrigations were performed. There were 15 patients with recurrence and 26 without recurrence. There was no significant difference in the parotid volume (P=0.460), stenosis grade (P=0.738) or maximum diameter of dilatation of the branch duct (P=0.723) between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Statistically significant differences were found in dilatation classification (P=0.009), length of dilatation (P=0.043), condition of the branch ducts (P=0.017) and dexamethasone use (P=0.031). Conclusions: MRS is an available diagnostic and grading modality for COP. The imaging features and classification of the parotid main duct in MRS could be helpful for treatment selection. Patients who accept irrigation could be less likely to experience recurrence with a low dilatation grade and no branch duct dilatation.

Diaryl Dihydrophenazine-Based Porous Organic Polymers Enhance Synergistic Catalysis in Visible-Light-Driven Organic Transformations.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have emerged as a novel class of porous materials that are synthesized by the polymerization of various organic monomers with different geometries and topologies. The molecular tunability of organic building blocks allows the incorporation of functional units for photocatalytic organic transformations. Here, we report the synthesis of two POP-based photocatalysts via homopolymerization of vinyl-functionalized diaryl dihydrophenazine (DADHP) monomer (POP1) and copolymerization of vinyl-functionalized DADHP and 2,2'-bipyridine monomers (POP2). The fluorescence lifetimes of DADHP units in the POPs significantly increased, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performances over homogeneous controls. POP1 is highly effective in catalysing visible-light-driven C-N bond forming cross-coupling reactions. Upon coordination with Ni2+ ions, POP2-Ni shows strong synergy between photocatalytic and Ni catalytic cycles due to the confinement effect within the POP framework, leading to high efficiency in energy, electron, and organic radical transfer. POP2-Ni displays excellent activity in catalysing C-P bond forming reactions between diarylphosphine oxides and aryl iodides. They increased the photocatalytic activities by more than 30-fold in C-N and C-P cross-coupling reactions. These POP catalysts were readily recovered via centrifugal separation and reused in six catalytic cycles without loss of activities. Thus, photosensitizer-based POPs provide a promising platform for heterogeneous photocatalytic organic transformations.

Preoperative Frailty Assessment Predicts Postoperative Mortality, Delirium and Pneumonia in Elderly Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) for postoperative mortality, delirium and pneumonia in patients over 65 years of age undergoing elective lung cancer surgery. METHODS: Data were collected from a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted in a general tertiary hospital from January 2017 to August 2019. In total, the study included 1372 elderly patients aged over 65 who underwent elective lung cancer surgery. They were divided into frail group (mFI-5, 2-5), prefrail group (mFI-5, 1) and robust group (mFI-5, 0) on the basis of mFI-5 classification. The primary outcome was postoperative 1-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pneumonia and postoperative delirium. RESULTS: Frailty group had the highest incidence of postoperative delirium (frailty 31.2% versus prefrailty 1.6% versus robust 1.5%, p < 0.001), postoperative pneumonia (frailty 23.5% versus prefrailty 7.2% versus robust 7.7%, p < 0.001), and postoperative 1-year mortality (frailty 7.0% versus prefrailty 2.2% versus robust 1.9%. p < 0.001). Frail patients have significantly longer length of hospitalization than those in the robust group and prefrail patients (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a clear link between frailty and increased risk of postoperative delirium (aOR 2.775, 95% CI 1.776-5.417, p < 0.001), postoperative pneumonia (aOR 3.291, 95% CI 2.169-4.993, p < 0.001) and postoperative 1-year mortality (aOR 3.364, 95% CI, 1.516-7.464, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: mFI-5 has potential clinical utility in predicting postoperative death, delirium and pneumonia incidence in elderly patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery. Frailty screening of patients (mFI-5) may provide benefits in risk stratification, targeted intervention efforts, and assist physicians in clinical decision-making.

Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Management of Psoriasis Complicated with Depression.

Purpose: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease, and the mechanism that links psoriasis to depression is still elusive. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the potential pathogenesis of psoriasis and depression comorbidity. Methods: The gene expression profiles of psoriasis (GSE34248, GSE78097 and GSE161683) and depression (GSE39653) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets. Functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, and hub gene identification and co-expression analysis were performed, following identification of the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of psoriasis and depression. Results: A total of 115 common DEGs (55 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated) were identified between psoriasis and depression. Functional analysis indicated that T cell activation and differentiation were predominantly implicated in the potential pathogenesis of these two diseases. In addition, Th17 cell differentiation and cytokines is closely related to both. Finally, 17 hub genes were screened, including CTLA4, LCK, ITK, IL7R, CD3D, SOCS1, IL4R, PRKCQ, SOCS3, IL23A, PDGFB, PAG1, TGFA, FGFR1, RELN, ITGB5 and TNXB, which re-emphasized the importance of the immune system in psoriasis and depression. Conclusion: Our study reveals the common pathogenesis of psoriasis and depression. These common pathways and hub genes may apply to a molecular screening tool for depression in psoriasis patients, which could help dermatologists optimize patient management in routine care.

Risk Factor Analysis and a Predictive Model of Postoperative Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery.

Among the elderly, depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which seriously affects their physical and mental health and quality of life, and their suicide rate is particularly high. Depression in the elderly is strongly associated with surgery. In this study, we aimed to explore the risk factors and establish a predictive model of depressive symptoms 1 month after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in elderly patients. The study participants included 272 elderly patients (age > 65 years) undergoing VATS from April 2020 to May 2021 at 1 of 18 medical centers in China. The patients were divided into a depression group and a nondepression group according to the Chinese version of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The patients' pre- and postoperative characteristics and questionnaires were collected and compared. Then, binary logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors that affect postoperative depressive symptoms, and the predictive model was constructed. The prediction efficiency of the model was evaluated by drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the value of the predictive model. Among all of the included patients, 16.54% (45/272) suffered from depressive symptoms after VATS. The results of the univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), chronic pain, leukocyte count, fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time, ASA physical status, infusion volume, anxiety, sleep quality, and postoperative pain were related to postoperative depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high fibrinogen level (OR = 2.42), postoperative anxiety (OR = 12.05), poor sleep quality (OR = 0.61), and pain (OR = 2.85) were risk factors of postoperative depressive symptoms. A predictive model was constructed according to the regression coefficient of each variable, the ROC curve was drawn, and the AUC value was calculated to be 0.889. The prediction model may help medical personnel identify older patients at risk of developing depressive disorders associated with VATS and may be useful for clinical purposes.

γδ T cells recruitment and local proliferation in brain parenchyma benefit anti-neuroinflammation after cerebral microbleeds.

Background: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an early sign of many neurological disorders and accompanied by local neuroinflammation and brain damage. As important regulators of immune response and neuroinflammation, the biological behavior and role of γδ T cells after CMBs remain largely unknown. Methods: We made a spot injury of microvessel in the somatosensory cortex to mimic the model of CMBs by two-photon laser and in vivo tracked dynamical behaviors of γδ T cells induced by CMBs using TCR-δGFP transgenic mice. Biological features of γδ T cells in the peri-CMBs parenchyma were decoded by flow cytometry and Raman spectra. In wildtype and γδ T cell-deficient mice, neuroinflammation and neurite degeneration in the peri-CMBs cortex were studied by RNAseq, immunostaining and in vivo imaging respectively. Results: After CMBs, γδ T cells in the dural vessels were tracked to cross the meningeal structure and invade the brain parenchyma in a few days, where the division process of γδ T cells were captured. Parenchymal γδ T cells were highly expressed by CXCR6 and CCR6, similar to meningeal γδ T cells, positive for IL-17A and Ki67 (more than 98%), and they contained abundant substances for energy metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis. In γδ T cell-deficient mice, cortical samples showed the upregulation of neuroinflammatory signaling pathways, enhanced glial response and M1 microglial polarization, and earlier neuronal degeneration in the peri-CMBs brain parenchyma compared with wildtype mice. Conclusion: CMBs induce the accumulation and local proliferation of γδ T cells in the brain parenchyma, and γδ T cells exert anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects at the early stage of CMBs.

Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Alloys-A Review.

Aluminum alloys have been extensively used as heatproof and heat-dissipation components in automotive and communication industries, and the demand for aluminum alloys with higher thermal conductivity is increasing. Therefore, this review focuses on the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys. First, we formulate the theory of thermal conduction of metals and effective medium theory, and then analyze the effect of alloying elements, secondary phases, and temperature on the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys. Alloying elements are the most crucial factor, whose species, existing states, and mutual interactions significantly affect the thermal conductivity of aluminum. Alloying elements in a solid solution weaken the thermal conductivity of aluminum more dramatically than those in the precipitated state. The characteristics and morphology of secondary phases also affect thermal conductivity. Temperature also affects thermal conductivity by influencing the thermal conduction of electrons and phonons in aluminum alloys. Furthermore, recent studies on the effects of casting, heat treatment, and AM processes on the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys are summarized, in which processes mainly affect thermal conductivity by varying existing states of alloying elements and the morphology of secondary phases. These analyses and summaries will further promote the industrial design and development of aluminum alloys with high thermal conductivity.

Micro video incentive nursing intervention improves the psychological state and quality of life in patients with rectal cancer after enterostomy.

BACKGROUND: To investigate effect of micro video incentive nursing intervention on psychological state and quality of life among rectal cancer patients with enterostomy. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 100 patients with rectal cancer who underwent enterostomy from January 2020 to June 2022 were recruited into this study. Among them, 51 patients received micro video incentive nursing intervention (the experimental group), while the other 49 patients received routine nursing intervention (the control group). The psychological status, nutritional status, quality of life and disease rehabilitation of the two groups were observed; moreover, multiple regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between psychological status and micro video incentive nursing intervention. RESULTS: The micro video incentive nursing intervention had obvious effect on rectal cancer patients with enterostomy. The HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly improved after nursing intervention in the experimental group compared to control group (both P<0.05). The PG-SGA score was significantly improved after nursing intervention in the experimental group compared to control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the regression analysis showed that being single, divorced or separated, widowed, as well as micro video incentive nursing intervention, physiological function, psychological function, physical pain, emotional function, social function, and mental health had a significant correlation with patients' psychology state. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that psychological function had obvious relation with micro video incentive nursing intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Micro video incentive nursing intervention for rectal cancer patients with enterostomy plays a positive role in improving the quality of life of patients and improving their negative emotions.

Achiral organoiodine-functionalized helical polyisocyanides for multiple asymmetric dearomative oxidations.

Immobilizing organocatalyst onto helical polymers not only facilitates the catalyst recycling from homogeneous reactions, but also boosts enantioselectivity. In this work, achiral organoiodine-functionalized single left- and right-handed helical polyisocyanides were prepared from the same monomers, which catalyzed three asymmetric oxidations gave the desired products in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The enantiomeric excess of the target products was up to 95%. Remarkably, the enantioselectivity can be switched by reversing the helicity of the polymer backbone. The polymer catalysts can be facilely recovered and recycled in different asymmetric oxidations with maintained excellent activity and enantioselectivity.

Surfactant-mediated mobility of carbon dots in saturated soil: comparison between anionic and cationic surfactants.

Understanding the mobility, retention, and fate of carbon dots (CDs) is critical for the risk management of this emerging carbon material. However, the influences of surfactants on CDs' transport through subsurface media are still poorly understood. Herein, column experiments were conducted to explore the different influences of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), on the CDs' transport in water-saturated soil. In the Na+ background electrolyte, both surfactants facilitated the transport of CDs at pH 7.0. The trend stemmed from steric hindrance, a decline in the straining effect, and competitive deposition between CDs and surfactant molecules. Additionally, SDBS increased the electrostatic repulsion of CDs and soil. Interestingly, in the divalent cation background electrolytes (i.e., Ca2+ or Cu2+), SDBS suppressed CDs' mobility, whereas CTAB had the opposite effect. The transport-inhibited effect of SDBS was mainly due to anionic surfactant ion (DBS-) precipitation with metal cations and the formation of adsorbed SDBS-Cu2+/Ca2+-CDs complexes. The enhanced effect of CTAB resulted from the CTAB coating on soil grains, which suppressed the cation bridging between CDs and soil. Furthermore, the magnitude of the SDBS promotion effect was pH-dependent. Surprisingly, CTAB could inhibit CDs' mobility at pH 9.0, owing to the binding cationic surfactant's strong hydrophobicity effect on the soil surface. Moreover, the experimental breakthrough curves of CDs were well described using a two-site transport model. Overall, the observations obtained from this study shed light on the relative mobility of CDs with different surfactants in typical groundwater conditions.

Biosurfactant-mediated mobility of graphene oxide nanoparticles in saturated porous media.

There is currently a lack of scientific understanding regarding how bio-surfactants influence the mobility of graphene oxide (GO) through saturated porous media. In this study, the transport characteristics of GO through porous media with different heterogeneities (i.e., quartz sand and goethite-coated sand) after the addition of saponin (a representative bio-surfactant) were investigated. The results demonstrated that saponin (3-10 mg L-1) promoted GO mobility in both types of porous media at pH 7.0. This trend was attributed to the competitive deposition between nanoparticles and bio-surfactant molecules for attachment sites, the enhanced electrostatic repulsion, the decreased strain, the presence of steric effects induced by the adsorbed saponin, and the increase in the hydrophilicity of nanoparticles. Intriguingly, saponin promoted GO mobility in goethite-coated sand (i.e., chemically heterogeneous porous media) to a greater extent than that in sand (i.e., relatively homogeneous porous media) when saponin concentrations increased, which stemmed from the differences in the extent of the deposition site competition for saponin on the two porous media and the electrostatic repulsion between GO and the porous media. Furthermore, a cation-bridging mechanism was also involved in the ability of saponin to increase GO mobility when the electrolyte solution was 0.1 mM Cu2+. Moreover, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and the colloid transport model were applicable to elucidate the mobility properties of GO with or without saponin in porous media. The findings from this work highlight the important status of bio-surfactants in the fate of colloidal carbon-based nanomaterials in subsurface systems.

Lightweight Hot-Spot Fault Detection Model of Photovoltaic Panels in UAV Remote-Sensing Image.

Photovoltaic panels exposed to harsh environments such as mountains and deserts (e.g., the Gobi desert) for a long time are prone to hot-spot failures, which can affect power generation efficiency and even cause fires. The existing hot-spot fault detection methods of photovoltaic panels cannot adequately complete the real-time detection task; hence, a detection model considering both detection accuracy and speed is proposed. In this paper, the feature extraction part of YOLOv5 is replaced by the more lightweight Focus structure and the basic unit of ShuffleNetv2, and then the original feature fusion method is simplified. Considering that there is no publicly available infrared photovoltaic panel image dataset, this paper generates an infrared photovoltaic image dataset through frame extraction processing and manual annotation of a publicly available video. Consequently, the number of parameters of the model was 3.71 M, mAP was 98.1%, and detection speed was 49 f/s. A comprehensive comparison of the accuracy, detection speed, and model parameters of each model showed that the indicators of the new model are superior to other detection models; thus, the new model is more suitable to be deployed on the UAV platform for real-time photovoltaic panel hot-spot fault detection.

A Novel Approach for UAV Image Crack Detection.

Cracks are the most significant pre-disaster of a road, and are also important indicators for evaluating the damage level of a road. At present, road crack detection mainly depends on manual detection and road detection vehicles, with which the safety of detection workers is not guaranteed and the detection efficiency is low. A road detection vehicle can speed up the efficiency to a certain extent, but the automation level is low and it is easy to block the traffic. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have the characteristics of low energy consumption and easy control. If UAV technology can be applied to road crack detection, it will greatly improve the detection efficiency and produce huge economic benefits. In order to find a way to apply UAV to road crack detection, we developed a new technique for road crack detection based on UAV pictures, called DenxiDeepCrack, which is a trainable deep convolutional neural network for automatic crack detection which utilises learning high-level features for crack representation. In addition, we create a new dataset based on drone images called UCrack 11 to enrich the crack database of drone images for future crack detection research.

Precise fabrication of porous polymer frameworks using rigid polyisocyanides as building blocks: from structural regulation to efficient iodine capture.

Porous materials have recently attracted much attention owing to their fascinating structures and broad applications. Moreover, exploring novel porous polymers affording the efficient capture of iodine is of significant interest. In contrast to the reported porous polymers fabricated with small molecular blocks, we herein report the preparation of porous polymer frameworks using rigid polyisocyanides as building blocks. First, tetrahedral four-arm star polyisocyanides with predictable molecular weight and low dispersity were synthesized; the chain-ends of the rigid polyisocyanide blocks were then crosslinked, yielding well-defined porous organic frameworks with a designed pore size and narrow distribution. Polymers of appropriate pore size were observed to efficiently capture radioactive iodine in both aqueous and vapor phases. More than 98% of iodine could be captured within 1 minute from a saturated aqueous solution (capacity of up to 3.2 g g-1), and an adsorption capacity of up to 574 wt% of iodine in vapor was measured within 4 hours. Moreover, the polymers could be recovered and recycled for iodine capture for at least six times, while maintaining high performance.

MAFF-Net: Multi-Attention Guided Feature Fusion Network for Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images.

One of the most important tasks in remote sensing image analysis is remote sensing image Change Detection (CD), and CD is the key to helping people obtain more accurate information about changes on the Earth's surface. A Multi-Attention Guided Feature Fusion Network (MAFF-Net) for CD tasks has been designed. The network enhances feature extraction and feature fusion by building different blocks. First, a Feature Enhancement Module (FEM) is proposed. The FEM introduces Coordinate Attention (CA). The CA block embeds the position information into the channel attention to obtain the accurate position information and channel relationships of the remote sensing images. An updated feature map is obtained by using an element-wise summation of the input of the FEM and the output of the CA. The FEM enhances the feature representation in the network. Then, an attention-based Feature Fusion Module (FFM) is designed. It changes the previous idea of layer-by-layer fusion and chooses cross-layer aggregation. The FFM is to compensate for some semantic information missing as the number of layers increases. FFM plays an important role in the communication of feature maps at different scales. To further refine the feature representation, a Refinement Residual Block (RRB) is proposed. The RRB changes the number of channels of the aggregated features and uses convolutional blocks to further refine the feature representation. Compared with all compared methods, MAFF-Net improves the F1-Score scores by 4.9%, 3.2%, and 1.7% on three publicly available benchmark datasets, the CDD, LEVIR-CD, and WHU-CD datasets, respectively. The experimental results show that MAFF-Net achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) CD performance on these three challenging datasets.