[Medical treatment of renal cell carcinoma]. / Les médicaments du cancer du rein.

AIM: To describe drugs used in renal cell carcinoma. METHOD: Pubmed search for efficacy, mode of action and side effects for each molecule. Additional data were searched from the French regulatory agencies websites (HAS and ANSM). RESULTS: Since 2007, a total of three different therapeutic classes in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma are available. These three classes are tyrosine kinase inhibitors with sunitinib and sorafenib, the anti-VEGF antibodies (bevacizumab which is associated with alpha interferon in the treatment of advanced kidney cancer) and mTOR inhibitors with temsirolimus and everolimus. These targeted therapies are a major progress in the treatment of patients with metastatic kidney cancer. The side effects encountered with these molecules are numerous but serious side effects are less than 5% of all reported side effects. CONCLUSIONS: A better understanding of molecular mechanisms has enabled the development of new therapies for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In the future, a personalized approach taking into account the biology of each tumor could be created to provide a more targeted treatment.

[Medical treatment of bladder carcinoma]. / Les médicaments du cancer de vessie.

AIM: To describe drugs used in bladder carcinoma. METHOD: Pubmed search for efficacy, mode of action and side effects for each molecule. Additional data were searched from the French regulatory agencies web sites (HAS and ANSM). RESULTS: The drugs used in the treatment of bladder cancer are represented by the products referred to diagnosis (hexyl aminolevulinate), the intravesical instillations for the treatment of tumors not infiltrating the muscle and the infiltrating tumor chemotherapy (neo-adjuvant treatment or metastatic tumors). The hexyl aminolevulinate cystoscopy allows to identify a significantly greater number of lesions, including carcinoma in situ, compared to conventional white light cystoscopy. For intravesical instillations, BCG has a superior efficacy to mitomycin C with a lower tolerance. The chemotherapies for invasive tumors are effective in metastatic disease in 15-20% of cases with a mean survival of 12 to 14 months. CONCLUSION: Except the use of hexyl aminolevulinate for improving the diagnosis, there was no emergence in recent years of new drugs for the treatment of bladder cancer. Targeted therapies currently available for many neoplasms were ineffective for bladder cancer.

Adherence with oral oncologic treatment in cancer patients: interest of an adherence score of all dosing errors.

PURPOSE: Patient nonadherence to oral antineoplastic therapy is a well-recognized barrier to effective treatment. In order to identify patients who may need additional support to become adherent, it is important to have a useful tool that takes into account all the parameters of adherence to prescription. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate adherence of oral antineoplastic agents and to investigate two calculation methods of adherence score. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Fourteen were treated by capecitabine and 15 patients by aromatase inhibitors. Adherence was measured using a medication event monitoring system and adherence score was calculated by a usual method and a composite adherence score that takes into account missed doses and also intake interval errors (between 2 doses and between meals). RESULTS: Across the 6-month evaluation period, average adherence was 95% with the standard calculation (capecitabine group: 89%; aromatase inhibitor group: 99%) versus 83% with the composite index (capecitabine group: 62%; aromatase inhibitor group: 99%) (p = 0.030). The composite calculation permits to highlight more nonadherent patients (29.6 vs. 7.4%), particularly in the capecitabine group (73 vs. 18%, p = 0.001). We report 2 cases identified as nonadherent with composite adherence rate. CONCLUSION: The composite adherence score permits to better evaluate adherence to prescription and to identify barriers to adherence and persistence.

Oncogenic osteomalacia: diagnostic importance of fibroblast growth factor 23 and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scan for the diagnosis and follow-up in one case.

A case of oncogenic osteomalacia is reported in a 71-year-old man who presented with bone pain, muscle weakness, and severe hypophosphatemia. The tumor which was localized in the left lower mandible was not detected by tomodensitometry, resonance magnetic imaging, and (111)IN-octreotide scintigraphy, but was easily localized by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT SCAN (F-18 FDG PET/CT SCAN). To our knowledge, the value of this technique for detecting tumors in oncogenic osteomalacia has never been reported. Secondly, this case provided an opportunity for confirming the usefulness of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) measurement for the diagnosis and follow-up. We conclude that FGF23 measurements combined with F-18 FDG PET/CT SCAN were decisive tools in a case of oncogenic osteomalacia and are likely to be of considerable importance for facilitating early diagnosis and follow-up in the future.