ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Renal complications of COVID-19 are not yet well studied. We aimed to evaluate acute kidney injury prevalence among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection and explore its effect on patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 586 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Of these patients, 267 (45.5%) developed acute kidney injury, as classified according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. We compared this group with 319 patients (54.5%) without acute kidney injury. RESULTS: Most patients in both study groups were men; mean age was 60.8 ± 14 versus 51.7 ± 16 years. Comorbid conditions that were substantially predominant among patients with acute kidney injury were diabetes mellitus (64% vs 42.9%), hypertension (72.6% vs 43.5%), and ischemic heart disease (25% vs 14.7%). Fever, cough, shortness of breath, and dehydration were the main presentations among patients with acute kidney injury, and patients in this group had greater prevalence of radiological findings concordant with COVID-19 (86.8% vs 59.8%). Sepsis, volume depletion, shock, arrhythmias, and acute respiratory distress syndrome were higher in patients with acute kidney injury. Anticoagulation (85% vs 59.2%), vasopressors, plasma infusions, antimicrobials, and steroids were more frequently used in patients with acute kidney injury. More patients with acute kidney injury had acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (62.3% vs 32.9%), with higher overall mortality rate (63.2% vs 31.1%). CONCLUSIONS: We found more frequent prevalence of acute kidney injury associated with severe COVID-19 than shown in reports from Chinese, European, and North American cohorts. Patients with COVID-19 who developed acute kidney injury had risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes, greater need for mechanical ventilation, were males, and were older age. Mortality was high in this population, especially among older patients and those who developed Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 3 disease.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury , COVID-19 , Hypertension , Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Female , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , Retrospective Studies , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/therapyABSTRACT
Rhinocladiella mackenziei is a rare fungal pathogen which belongs to a large group of pigmented fungi causing phaeohyphomycosis. R. mackenziei primarily infects the brain and leads to high fatality rates among both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Among solid organ transplant recipients, the infection may disseminate to extra-neuronal sites, necessitating comprehensive radiologic imaging. Here we describe a new case of R. mackenziei infection in a renal transplant patient involving the brain and renal allograft. She received liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole but no surgical intervention. Ultimately, the patient died after two months of hospital stay. A review of all reported cases of transplant patients infected with R. mackenziei is also presented.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections , Kidney Transplantation , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/drug therapy , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Disequilibrium syndrome is typically characterized by neurological manifestations that occur acutely posthemodialysis due to a significant drop in serum osmolality. We report a child with disequilibrium syndrome postrenal transplant and compare this presentation to previously reported cases.