ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate structural and functional features of cutaneous microvasculature in men of working age with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 161 apparently healthy men from 30 to 60 years, who underwent a comprehensive examination of cardiovascular system "from the heart to the capillaries". Control group (CG) included 60 normotensive men. AH group included 101 men with elevated BP. RESULTS: There is no rarefaction of the capillary bed and latent fluid retention in the interstitial space in the skin in men with AH. No data were obtained for increased endothelial, neurogenic and myogenic tone of resistive cutaneous precapillary arterioles in AH group, but a decrease in the perfusion efficiency of the endothelial and myogenic mechanisms of tissue perfusion modulation was noted. CONCLUSION: Obtained results allow making the assumption that metabolic disorders at the level of capillaries that are of a systemic nature prevail in men with the onset of AH.
Subject(s)
Hypertension , Blood Pressure , Capillaries , Humans , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Male , Microcirculation , Skin/blood supplyABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the relationship between OCT angiography measurements and central fundus changes in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 21 RVO patients aged from 55 to 86 years (69.9±2.28 years), including 8 patients with ischemic central RVO (I-CRVO; 73.6±3.4 years on average) and 13 patients with branch RVO (BRVO; 67.6±3.0 years on average). Of the latter, 8 cases were ischemic (I-BRVO) and 5 non-ischemic (NI-BRVO). OCT angiography (OCTA) was performed using RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, USA) tomograph in the Angio Retina mode. RESULTS: A direct correlation was found between visual acuity and the degree of macular perfusion when assessing a scanning area of 6x6 mm. Having compared the degree of perfusion in groups, we have revealed that it changed significantly regardless of the size of the area scanned and the radius of the region of interest. Patients with ischemic CRVO demonstrated the lowest perfusion (Flow Area). As to ischemic and non-ischemic BRVO patients, the difference between them was only noticed with small scanning area (3x3 mm). Another statistically significant difference was shown for the blood flow index in the I-CRVO and NI-BRVO groups with scan area of 3x3 mm. Of 8 I-CRVO patients, 4 demonstrated areas of hypoperfusion within both superficial and deep vascular plexuses, while the other 4 - within the deep plexus only. In the I-BRVO group, 7 patients had hypoperfusion within both superficial and deep vascular plexuses and just 1 - within the deep plexus. In the NI-BRVO group all 5 patients had hypoperfusion of deep layers with no involvement of the superficial plexus. CONCLUSION: The value of information on vascular perfusion in all layers of the central retina provided by OCT angiography is very high, which makes it useful for the detection of microvascular abnormalities in patients with retinal vein occlusions.
Subject(s)
Angiography/methods , Macula Lutea , Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnosis , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Aged , Dimensional Measurement Accuracy , Female , Humans , Macula Lutea/diagnostic imaging , Macula Lutea/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics as Topic , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
A series of 6- and 8-acylamino-4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranosides, beta-D-glucopyranosides, and alpha-L-fucopyranosides having various fatty acid residues were synthesized; 6-(9) and 8-hexadecanoylamino-4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (10) were shown to be substrates for human galactocerebrosidase. Analogs of 9 with shorter acyl residues (octanoyl and butanoyl) were substrates for another type of beta-D-galactosidase, i.e., GM1-ganglioside-beta-D-galactosidase. The specificity of various beta-D-galactosidases for synthetic D-galactopyranosides, differing in the length and position of their acylamide residue, tested with enzyme preparations from patients with two types of glycolipidosis, Krabbe's disease (galactocerebrosidase deficiency) and GM1-beta-galactosidase deficiency), suggested that 9 is a specific substrate for galactocerebrosidase in biochemical tests for Krabbe's disease. Fluorogenic 6-octanoyl- and 6-hexadecanoyl-amino-4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucopyranoside were much less readily hydrolyzed by both human and animal glucocerebrosidase than chromogenic 2-hexadecanoylamino-4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. Comparison of the hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-fucopyranoside with that of 6-hexadecanoylamino-4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-fucopyranoside by multiple forms of human alpha-L-fucosidase showed that the enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing not only hydrophilic but also synthetic, lipid-like substrates.