Mnemonic Techniques: Characteristics, Educational Suitability and Research Prospects in the Field of Anatomy.

The outcome of using different mnemonic techniques have been established through several researches from the ancient time but systematic researches in the field of Anatomy like how and why different mnemonic techniques work better than others are still sketchy. This is likely lead to incomprehensive understanding of how particular mnemonics may work better than others in specific situation and how the exact potentials of mnemonics be objectively understand. For medical undergraduates, even though many things have to be understood, sometimes it is very important to retain a piece of information by memorization and later recall it. A way of easing memorization is using a mnemonic device.

Variation of Luminal Diameter of the Right Principal Bronchus in Different Age and Sex Group of Bangladeshi Cadaver.

The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment which is essential for human survival. The bronchial tree includes the trachea, right and left principal bronchi and their branching upto alveoli. A common medical problem with the respiratory tract is acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) which is the leading killer of children under five. The aim of the present study was to find out the variation of the luminal diameter of right principal bronchus in Bangladeshi people. This cross sectional descriptive study was performed on 70 post mortem human right principal bronchus (44 of male and 35 of female) to find out the difference in luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex in the department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh by purposive sampling technique from July 2014 to June 2015. All specimens were grouped into three categories, Group A (upto 20 years), Group B (21-40 years) and Group C (41-60 years) according to age. Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The right principal bronchus was cut horizontally within 1cm of its origin and the average luminal diameter was measured with the help of a point divider and metric scale and was expressed in centimeter. All data were recorded in the pre-designed data sheet and statistical analysis was done using computer based statistical package, SPSS to evaluate the significance of variance between the different findings. In the present study the maximum luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus was 1.45, 1.55 and 1.70cm in age Group A, B and C respectively. The minimum luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus was 0.75cm in Group A, 0.80cm in Group B and 0.80cm in Group C. The mean±SD luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus was 1.21±0.23, 1.24±0.21 and 1.20±0.22cm in age Group A, B and C respectively. In most cases (87%) it was >1cm. The maximum mean luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus was in age Group B (1.24cm) and minimum was in age Group C (1.20cm). The mean difference of luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus between groups was statistically insignificant. The mean±SD luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus in male was 1.24±0.19, 1.30±0.18 and 1.23±0.21cm in age Group A, B and C respectively and 1.18±0.28, 1.16±0.23 and 1.12±0.24cm in female in age Group A, B and C respectively. It is evident from the results that the mean luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus in male was higher than that of female in all the groups but this mean difference between sexes in the group was statically non significant. The study would help to establish a normal standard data on the luminal diameter of the right principal bronchus of Bangladeshi people.

An Anthropometric Study of Bimalleolar Breadth and its Relationship with Stature on Bangladeshi Garo People.

A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at different areas of Mymensingh (Haluaghat, Vatikashor and Kachijhuly) from July 2015 to June 2016 on 101 Bangladeshi Garo people. Among them 60 were male and 41 were female. Sample collection was done by nonrandom purposive sampling technique. Mixed ethnicity and any kind of foot deformity resulting either from congenital or physical injury were excluded to construct standard measurement for Garo ethnicity. Bimalleolar breadth was measured using slide calipers. The subjects were asked to stand with weight distributed equally on both feet. The legs were perpendicular to the feet. The maximum right and left bimalleolar breadth for male was found 8.32cm and 8.34cm respectively; minimum was 5.42cm and 5.43cm respectively. In case of female maximum right and left bimalleolar breadth was 9.63cm and 9.64cm respectively and minimum was 5.41cm for both feet. In this study, difference of mean bimalleolar breadth of male and female were statistically analyzed by using students unpaired 't' test which was highly significant. Correlation was done with stature and found significant in case of male but non-significant in case of female.

Variation of Length of Trachea in Different Age & Sex Group of Bangladeshi Cadaver.

A cross sectional descriptive study was performed on 70 post mortem human trachea (44 of male and 35 of female) to find out the difference in length of the trachea of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex. The specimens were collected from the morgue in the department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh by purposive sampling technique. All specimens were grouped into three categories, Group A (upto 20 years), Group B (21-40 years) and Group C (41-60 years) according to age. Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The length of the trachea was measured with the help of a metallic tape and data was analyzed by using one way ANOVA test. A general trend of increasing tracheal length was observed as age advanced. The mean±SD length of the trachea was 7.88±1.01cm in Group A, 8.81±0.81cm in Group B and 8.94±1.04cm in Group C. The mean length of the trachea in male were 8.1±0.81cm, 8.95±0.69cm and 8.92±1.1cm in Group A, Group B and in Group C respectively and in female the length were 7.57±1.24cm, 8.61±0.96cm and 9±1cm in Group A, Group B and Group C respectively. Variance analysis shows significant difference in mean length of the trachea between the age Group A & B and Group A & C but no significant difference was shown between Group B & C. No significant difference of length of trachea between male and female was observed. The study would help to increase the information pool on the length of the trachea of Bangladeshi people.

Histomorphological Study on Number of Acini of the Prostate Gland of Bangladeshi Cadaver.

The prostate is made up of 30 to 50 compound tubuloalveolar glands that are embedded in a framework of fibromuscular tissue and arranged in three concentric groups (mucosal, submucosal and main prostatic gland). The prostate consists of peripheral, central and transitional zone accounting for approximately 70%, 20% and 5% of the glandular substances. Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects the transitional zone and carcinoma of the prostate affects the peripheral zone. The glandular tissue consists of numerous acini with frequent internal papillae. Follicular epithelium is variable but predominantly columnar and either single-layered or pseudostratified. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to find out the difference in number of acini of the prostate gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age. The present study was performed on 67 postmortem human prostate gland collected from the morgue in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College by non random purposive sampling technique. The specimens were collected from Bangladeshi cadaver of age ranging from 10 to 80 years. All the specimens were grouped into three categories: Group A (up to 18 years), Group B (19 to 45 years) and Group C (above 45 years) according to age. Dissection was performed following standard autopsy techniques. In the present study, total 60 slides were made for histological study from both central and peripheral zone of the prostate which were examined under low power objectives. The number of the acini of the prostate gland were counted and recorded. The mean number of the acini of the prostate gland was 16.45, 43.54 and 42.45 in Group A, B and C respectively in central zone and 30.08, 51.35 and 44.16 in Group A, B and C respectively in peripheral zone of the prostate. Variance analysis shows that mean differences were highly significant between Group A & B and Group C & A and non significant between Group B & C in central zone of the prostate. Mean differences were non significant among all three groups in peripheral zone of the prostate. The number of the acini of prostate gland was increased up to certain age limit but decreased in extreme age. In statistical analysis, differences between age groups were analyzed by using students unpaired 't' test. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the number of the acini of the prostate gland of Bangladeshi people at different age group.