An Updated Review Summarizing the Pharmaceutical Efficacy of Genistein and its Nanoformulations in Ovarian Carcinoma.

Implementing lifestyle interventions as a primary prevention strategy is a cost-effective approach to reducing the occurrence of cancer, which is a significant contributor to illness and death globally. Recent advanced studies have uncovered the crucial role of nutrients in safeguarding women's health and preventing disorders. Genistein is an abundant isoflavonoid found in soybeans. Genistein functions as a chemotherapeutic drug against various forms of cancer, primarily by modifying apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and suppressing metastasis. Furthermore, Genistein has demonstrated diverse outcomes in women, contingent upon their physiological characteristics, such as being in the early or postmenopausal stages. The primary categories of gynecologic cancers are cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Understanding the precise mechanism by which Genistein acts on ovarian cancer could contribute to the advancement of anti-breast cancer treatments, particularly in situations where no specific targeted therapies are currently known or accessible. Additional investigation into the molecular action of Genistein has the potential to facilitate the development of a plant-derived cancer medication that has fewer harmful effects. This research could also help overcome drug resistance and prevent the occurrence of ovarian cancers.

A clinical assessment of preperitoneal packing adequacy for pelvic fracture bleeding control.

Background: This study aimed to objectively assess the laparotomy pads to potential hemorrhage sites proximity in pelvic fracture patients who underwent post-pre peritoneal packing (PPP) CT scans with packs in situ. Methods: The CT scans of 19 patients were assessed to measure the distance between laparotomy pads and predetermined pelvic anatomical landmarks. Results: A total of 38 measurements showed that the median pack-to-point distance for the sacroiliac joint was 2.7 cm (IQR, 2.1-4.0), for the common iliac artery 4.1 cm (IQR, 3.2-5.0), for the external iliac artery 0 cm (IQR, 0.0-0.2), for the internal iliac artery 0.1 cm (IQR, 0-0.7), and for the iliac bifurcation 2.0 cm (IQR, 1.7-3.9). There were 60 % direct contact measurements for the iliac arteries. Conclusion: This study shows that with adequately executed PPP a reasonable proximity of laparotomy packs to the potential bleeding sites to provide tamponade for arresting hemorrhage may be achieved.

An Updated Review Summarizing the Anticancer Potential of Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Based Curcumin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, and Resveratrol Nanocarriers.

The utilization of nanoformulations derived from natural products for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, is a rapidly developing field. Conventional therapies used for cancer treatment have limited efficacy and a greater number of adverse effects. Hence, it is imperative to develop innovative anticancer drugs with superior effectiveness. Among the diverse array of natural anticancer compounds, resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have gained considerable attention in recent years. Despite their strong anticancer properties, medicinally significant phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin, and EGCG have certain disadvantages, such as limited solubility in water, stability, and bioavailability problems. Encapsulating these phytochemicals in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a polymer that is nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible, is an effective method for delivering medication to the tumor location. In addition, PLGA nanoparticles can be modified with targeting molecules to specifically target cancer cells, thereby improving the effectiveness of phytochemicals in fighting tumors. Combining plant-based medicine (phytotherapy) with nanotechnology in a clinical environment has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of drugs and improve the overall health outcomes of patients. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the different aspects and recent advancements in using PLGA-based nanocarriers for delivering anticancer phytochemicals. This review addresses the most recent advancements in PLGA-based delivery systems for resveratrol, EGCG, and curcumin, emphasizing the possibility of resolving issues related to the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of these compounds.

'GGFGGQ' repeats in Hfq of Acinetobacter baumannii are essential for nutrient utilization and virulence.

The nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is known for causing lung and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised hosts. Its ability to adapt to various environments through post-transcriptional gene regulation is key to its success. Central to this regulation is the RNA chaperone Hfq, which facilitates interactions between mRNA targets and their small RNA (sRNA) partners through a Sm-core domain. Notably, the A. baumannii Hfq protein has a uniquely long C-terminal domain (CTD) with GGFGGQ amino acid repeats and an acidic amino acid-rich C-terminal tip (C-tip). Previous research has shown the importance of the intact CTD for Hfq's functionality. Given the significance of the C-tip in E. coli Hfq, we examined the pathophysiological roles of the redundant 'GGFGGQ' repeats along with the C-tip of A. baumannii Hfq. We constructed several variations of Hfq protein with fewer 'GGFGGQ' repeats while preserving the C-tip, and variants with altered C-tip amino acid composition. We then studied their RNA interaction abilities and assessed the pathophysiological fitness and virulence of genome-complemented A. baumannii mutants. Our findings reveal that the redundancy of the 'GGFGGQ' repeats is crucial for Hfq's role in pathophysiological fitness and negatively impacts A. baumannii's virulence in a murine lung infection model. In addition, C-tip mutants exhibited a negative effect on both fitness and virulence, however, to a lesser extent than the other variants. These results underscore the importance of 'GGFGGQ' redundancy and acidic residues in Hfq's ribo-regulation and autoregulation, suggesting their critical role in establishing regulatory networks.

Review to Elucidate the Correlation between Cuproptosis-Related Genes and Immune Infiltration for Enhancing the Detection and Treatment of Cervical Cancer.

Copper is a vital trace element in oxidized and reduced forms. It plays crucial roles in numerous biological events such as redox chemistry, enzymatic reactions, mitochondrial respiration, iron metabolism, autophagy, and immune modulation. Maintaining the balance of copper in the body is essential because its deficiency and excess can be harmful. Abnormal copper metabolism has a two-fold impact on the development of tumors and cancer treatment. Cuproptosis is a form of cell death that occurs when there is excessive copper in the body, leading to proteotoxic stress and the activation of a specific pathway in the mitochondria. Research has been conducted on the advantageous role of copper ionophores and chelators in cancer management. This review presents recent progress in understanding copper metabolism, cuproptosis, and the molecular mechanisms involved in using copper for targeted therapy in cervical cancer. Integrating trace metals and minerals into nanoparticulate systems is a promising approach for controlling invasive tumors. Therefore, we have also included a concise overview of copper nanoformulations targeting cervical cancer cells. This review offers comprehensive insights into the correlation between cuproptosis-related genes and immune infiltration, as well as the prognosis of cervical cancer. These findings can be valuable for developing advanced clinical tools to enhance the detection and treatment of cervical cancer.

Anticancer Potential of Quercetin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Kaempferol, Apigenin, and Curcumin against Several Human Carcinomas.

Cancer remains a global health problem that requires constant research for the development of new treatment strategies. Flavonoids, a diverse group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds abundant in fruits, vegetables, and other plant sources, have received considerable attention for their potential anticancer properties. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature on five specific natural flavonoids, namely quercetin, Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), kaempferol, apigenin, and curcumin that have been widely reported in numerous carcinomas and evaluate their effectiveness and mechanisms in fighting different types of cancer. Known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, quercetin has shown promise in inhibiting cancer cells and modulating key signaling pathways. EGCG, a prominent catechin found in green tea, has been extensively studied for its ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis, highlighting its potential as an anticancer agent. Kaempferol has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has shown anticancer potential by modulating cellular processes involved in tumor development. Apigenin, abundant in parsley and chamomile, has been shown to exert anticancer properties by interrupting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Curcumin has shown several anticancer effects, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and modulating inflammatory pathways. Despite these promising findings, it is essential to recognize the complexity of cancer biology and the need for further research to clarify the precise mechanisms of action of these natural flavonoids and optimize their therapeutic applications. Furthermore, understanding flavonoids' potential synergy and interactions with traditional cancer therapies is paramount for developing effective combinatorial strategies. This review thus aimed to summarize the current knowledge on these natural flavonoids and provide insight into their potential role as an adjunctive or stand-alone therapy in the fight against breast, prostate, colon, lung, skin, ovarian, liver, and pancreatic cancer.

Anemia and its association with glycemia and transaminitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional pilot study.

Background and Aims: Anemia impairs glucose homeostasis, affects glycemic control, and predisposes to complications in diabetics. It correlates with oxidative stress and increases the risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. However, it is an underrecognized comorbidity in diabetics. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia in diabetic patients and compare the metabolic profiles of anemic and non-anemic diabetics. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted among type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, at the outpatient clinic. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), known hematological disorders, and chronic inflammatory disorders were excluded. Results: Of the 97 patients, 37 (38.14%) were found to be anemic (hemoglobin (Hb): male <13 g/dl, female <12 g/dl). The mean values of fasting blood sugar (FBS) in low and normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) patients were 265.9 ± 43.7 mg/dl and 157.2 ± 7.2 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.0026), and those of postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) were 370.3 ± 58.4 mg/dl and 226.3 ± 10.1 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.0015). It was found that 6 (22.2%) of 27 patients with raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had anemia against 27 (45.8%) of 59 patients with normal ALT (P = 0.03). The mean Hb levels in patients with raised and normal ALT were 13.31 ± 2.3 gm% and 12.2 ± 2.0 gm% (P = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions: Blood sugar may have a direct relationship with MCV in T2DM patients. Hb tends to relate to hepatic enzymes likely due to altered dietary patterns in anemics. Further larger studies on the effect of iron supplementation and dietary habits on glycemic control and hepatic steatosis are warranted.

Disease Damage in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and predictors of disease-related damage in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: A single-centre study was conducted from January 2021 - December 2022. Children (≤ 18 y) diagnosed with JIA as per International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria, with a disease duration of more than one year, were enrolled for this study. The articular and extra-articular damage was assessed using the juvenile arthritis damage index (JADI) and modified JADI scores. Disease activity and disabilities were evaluated using the clinical juvenile arthritis disease activity score (cJADAS) and Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). RESULTS: One hundred and five children [44% (n = 42) boys] with JIA were enrolled in the study. The mean (SD) age of children at enrolment was 158 (46.2) mo. The median (IQR) disease duration was 48 (36-72) mo. Articular damage (JADI score ≥ 1) was present in 48.6%, and extra-articular damage (JADI-E ≥ 1) was observed in 21.9% of children. Half of the children (n = 22) with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) had joint damage (modified JADI score ≥ 1). Four children had ocular damage due to uveitis. Among the factors associated with articular damage, the odds of articular damage were high in those with positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and/ or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs) [OR: 4.4, 95% CI (1.00-19.60)]. CONCLUSIONS: 48.6% of children with JIA had articular damage, while 21.9% of the children had extra-articular damage. Children with RF and/ or anti-CCP positivity are associated with higher odds of joint damage.

Simulation training in mammography with AI-generated images: a multireader study.

OBJECTIVES: The interpretation of mammograms requires many years of training and experience. Currently, training in mammography, like the rest of diagnostic radiology, is through institutional libraries, books, and experience accumulated over time. We explore whether artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated images can help in simulation education and result in measurable improvement in performance of residents in training. METHODS: We developed a generative adversarial network (GAN) that was capable of generating mammography images with varying characteristics, such as size and density, and created a tool with which a user could control these characteristics. The tool allowed the user (a radiology resident) to realistically insert cancers within different regions of the mammogram. We then provided this tool to residents in training. Residents were randomized into a practice group and a non-practice group, and the difference in performance before and after practice with such a tool (in comparison to no intervention in the non-practice group) was assessed. RESULTS: Fifty residents participated in the study, 27 underwent simulation training, and 23 did not. There was a significant improvement in the sensitivity (7.43 percent, significant at p-value = 0.03), negative predictive value (5.05 percent, significant at p-value = 0.008) and accuracy (6.49 percent, significant at p-value = 0.01) among residents in the detection of cancer on mammograms after simulation training. CONCLUSION: Our study shows the value of simulation training in diagnostic radiology and explores the potential of generative AI to enable such simulation training. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Using generative artificial intelligence, simulation training modules can be developed that can help residents in training by providing them with a visual impression of a variety of different cases. KEY POINTS: Generative networks can produce diagnostic imaging with specific characteristics, potentially useful for training residents. Training with generating images improved residents' mammographic diagnostic abilities. Development of a game-like interface that exploits these networks can result in improvement in performance over a short training period.

Efficacy of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Best Practice Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Deep Caries in Primary Teeth.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) best practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of deep carious lesions in primary teeth. Methods: Primary molars from four to eight-year-old children were selected for diagnosis and treatment planning independently by a pediatric dental resident using the AAPD recommendations and a pediatric dentist using his clinical expertise and experience. The analysis of the two evaluators was performed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive values, and agreement scores. Results: A total of 365 primary molars from 185 children were used. Diagnosis and treatment planning by the resident demonstrated a higher sensitivity score of 92.7 percent (95 percent confidence interval [95% CI]=80.1 to 98.5) and specificity score of 96.6 percent (95% CI=94 to 98.3) for treatment planning compared to a diagnosis having sensitivity and specificity scores of 74 percent (95% CI=59.7 to 85.4) and 89.8 percent (95% CI=86 to 92.9), respectively. Lower agreement scores between the resident and the pediatric dentist were found for the diagnosis of asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis and the use of lesion sterilization and tissue repair as a treatment modality. Conclusions: The AAPD best practice recommendations showed a better consistency for treatment planning than the diagnosis of carious primary molars.

Perioperative Supplemental Oxygen for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection After Cesarean Section: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature.

Initial systematic reviews demonstrated the reduction of surgical site infection (SSI) following perioperative oxygen supplementation. SSI among colorectal surgeries was reduced by more than 50% with high-flow oxygen. However, recent randomized trials are coming up with conflicting results. The objective of this review was to comprehend whether the application of perioperative supplemental oxygen decreased the hazard of SSI following cesarean delivery. The initial search identified 95 studies. After screening title and abstracts 59 studies were included, and 33 studies were found to be relevant after checking eligibility. After a careful analysis, five articles were found fit for this systematic review. Extracted information included study design and methodology, the cumulative incidence of post-cesarean SSI following supplemental oxygen, the odds ratio, and associated variability for all factors considered in univariate and/or multivariate analysis. The cumulative incidence of the standard care group and supplemental oxygen group were comparable in all five studies with statistically significant differences. The secondary outcomes such as hospital readmission, wound separation, and intravenous antibiotics were similar in both groups as stated in the two studies. The rate of SSI in diabetics was 6.9% and 14.4% in the standard care group and supplemental oxygen group, respectively, as analyzed in a study. An increase in intra-operative blood loss was found to be the major risk factor leading to SSI. In one of the studies, Caucasian race, increased basal metabolic index, and prolonged surgery were associated with increased risk of SSI. There was no difference in neonatal umbilical artery pH resulting from supplemental oxygen during cesarean. The available literature is quite sufficient to prove that supplemental oxygen offers no added benefit in reducing post-cesarean SSI. Hence, we do not recommend its use for this purpose.

MK2 inhibitor PF-3644022 shows protective effect in mouse microglial N9 cell line induced with cigarette smoke extract.

Neuroinflammation is suggested as one of the potential links between CS-induced neuronal dysfunction. Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the significant contributors of neuroinflammation, consequently leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Microglia are the key resident macrophage cells in the brain with cell surface TLR4 receptor for responding to various stress signals. The CS constituents promote inflammation and oxidative stress in microglia leading to cytotoxicity through the TLR4-MK2 axis. However, the role of MK2 kinase in CS-induced microglial inflammation is not yet clearly understood. Therefore, we have used an MK2 inhibitor, PF-3644022 to study modulation of CS-extract induced oxidative and inflammatory signaling in a mouse microglial cell line, Furthermore, we also evaluated the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on a direct exposure of enzyme with CS. CS exposure led to microglial cytotoxicity and enhanced the level of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release by microglial cells. The microglial cells pretreated with MK2 inhibitor, PF-3644022 significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory markers, and improved the level of antioxidant proteins in these cells. In addition, direct exposure of CS showed reduction in the enzymatic activity of AChE.

Transfusion Practices in Severely Injured Patients at a Level 1 Trauma Center.

Introduction: Acute trauma resuscitation is challenging and disorganized in low- and middle-income countries as there is lack of evidence-based transfusion practices with respect to ratio, volume, trigger, cutoff points for various triggers. This study aims to study the patterns of blood use in various mechanisms of injury, by interfacility transfer status and define triggers for transfusion of various blood components. Prospective observational study, emergency department of level 1 trauma center (August 2017-August 2018). Methods: Demographic, injury, clinical, laboratory, transfusion characteristics, and patient outcomes were collected from electronic hospital records and transfusion service records. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify triggers of transfusion of red blood cells, plasma, platelets (PLTs), cryoprecipitate, and mortality predictors. Results: Among 986 severely injured patients 80% were males, 92% had blunt injuries and commonest trauma was Head. The median length of intensive care unit stay and hospital stay were more in a referred group. Patients brought to center directly received more massive transfusions (56, 13.05% vs. 48, 8.62%). Railway track injuries received the most total median packed red blood cells (PRBCs) units in both groups. The triggers for various blood product transfusions include: Hematocrit < 32.08 for PRBC, PT >16.9 s for plasma, PLT count <130 lakhs for platelets, MAP <89.7 mmHg and PT >18.2 s for cryoprecipitate. Conclusion: Railway track injuries with inferior extremity injuries required maximum transfusion requirements and were a trigger for PRBC, plasma, PLTs, and cryoprecipitate. Smartphone-based apps and transfusion prediction models can be framed based on the triggers and cut points.

Profile of patients referred for lung transplant and their transplant-free survival.

INTRODUCTION: Lung transplant (LTx) is a potential treatment option for all patients with chronic, end-stage respiratory disease, who are refractory to optimal medical therapy or where no medical therapy exists. In India, LTx is still in its evolving stages and published literature is sparse. The current study was carried out to study the selection criteria for lung transplant and to evaluate the clinical and socio-economic profile of patients referred for the same at a tertiary health care facility. METHODS: The study was a descriptive, prospective, observational study. All adults referred for lung transplant were evaluated for clinical and laboratory profiles. All enrolled patients were assessed for presence of referral criteria, listing criteria, contraindications, and willingness for lung transplant. These patients were followed up for 2 years for transplant-free survival, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine independent predictors of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 103 were included in study. The most common diagnosis was interstitial lung disease (57.2%), followed by bronchiectasis (17.5%) and COPD (13.6%). Most patients were referred for LTx at an advanced stage as 90% met listing criteria. Fifty-four (52.4%) patients had an absolute or relative contraindication to transplant; however, the majority of those contraindications were modifiable. Patients with a lower socio-economic status were less likely to be willing for LTx. The median survival was 757 days. A 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) lesser than 250 m was found to be an independent predictor of mortality. CONCLUSION: Making patients aware about lung transplant early in their treatment may give them sufficient time to come to terms with their disease and understand the risk and benefits associated. Efforts should be focused on screening and early treatment of reversible contraindications for the eligible patients. Patients with 6MWD < 250 m are at increased risk of mortality.

Outcomes of bent ab interno needle goniectomy with phacoemulsification in moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of bent ab interno needle goniectomy (BANG) in moderate to severe primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes undergoing phacoemulsification (phaco). DESIGN: Single-arm, prospective, interventional study. METHODS: POAG patients with medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP), >15 mmHg for moderate and >12 mmHg for severe POAG, with visually significant cataract were recruited. All patients underwent BANG using a 26-gauge needle to excise 30° of the trabecular meshwork, along with phaco. Primary outcome was IOP. Secondary outcomes were success rate, percentage reduction in IOP/antiglaucoma medications (AGMs), and intraoperative complications. Success at 12 months was defined as: criterion A: IOP <15 mmHg for moderate glaucoma or <12 mmHg for severe glaucoma with or without AGMs OR criterion B: reduction in number of AGMs by >1. RESULTS: Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients underwent BANG + phaco. Mean age of the participants was 62.7 ± 8.4 years and there were 25 males and seven females. At 12 months, a significant decrease was noted in both IOP (from 17.6 ± 3.6 to 12 ± 1.6 mmHg, 31.8%; P < 0.001) and AGMs (from 3.7 ± 0.9 to 2.8 ± 0.8, 24.3%; P < 0.001). Twenty percent or more reduction in IOP was achieved in 62.5% (20/32) of eyes. Overall success (meeting either of the criteria A or B) at 12 months was achieved in 87.5% eyes. Mild postoperative hyphema was noted in 10 (31.2%) eyes, and two eyes (6.2%) required additional filtration surgery at 7 months. CONCLUSION: A 30-degree BANG with phaco in patients of POAG appears to be a safe, effective and affordable MIGS for developing countries.

Role of low-pressure negative pleural suction in patients with thoracic trauma - a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Thoracic trauma frequently includes a pneumothorax, hemothorax, or hemopneumothorax, which may necessitate an Intercostal drainage (ICD) for air and fluid evacuation to improve breathing and circulatory function. It is a simple and life-saving procedure; nevertheless, it carries morbidity, even after its removal. Efforts have been made continuously to shorten the duration of ICD, but mostly in non-trauma patients. In this study, we evaluated the impact of negative pleural suction over the duration of ICD. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled interventional trial conducted at Level 1 Trauma Centre. Thoracic trauma patients with ICD, who met the inclusion criteria (sample size 70) were randomized into two groups, the first group with negative pleural suction up to -20 cm H2O, and the second group as conventional, i.e. ICD connected to underwater seal container only. The primary objective was to compare the duration of ICDs and the secondary objectives were the length of hospital stay and various complications of thoracic trauma. RESULTS: Duration of ICD was measured in median days with minimum & maximum days. For the negative suction group, it was 4 days (2-16 days); for the conventional group, it was also 4 days (2-17 days). There was also no significant difference among both groups in length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The beneficial effect of negative pleural suction to ICD could not be demonstrated over the duration of ICD and hospital stay. In both groups, there was no significant difference in complication rates like recurrent pneumothorax, retained hemothorax, persistent air leak, and empyema. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Study, Level II TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) with registration no. REF/2020/11/038403.

Unraveling the intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and oncogenic signaling pathways.

Lipids, the primary constituents of the cell membrane, play essential roles in nearly all cellular functions, such as cell-cell recognition, signaling transduction, and energy provision. Lipid metabolism is necessary for the maintenance of life since it regulates the balance between the processes of synthesis and breakdown. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cells exhibit abnormal lipid metabolism, significantly affecting their malignant characteristics, including self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and drug sensitivity and resistance. Prominent oncogenic signaling pathways that modulate metabolic gene expression and elevate metabolic enzyme activity include phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, MAPK, NF-kB, Wnt, Notch, and Hippo pathway. Conversely, when metabolic processes are not regulated, they can lead to malfunctions in cellular signal transduction pathways. This, in turn, enables uncontrolled cancer cell growth by providing the necessary energy, building blocks, and redox potentials. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism-associated oncogenic signaling pathways could be an effective therapeutic approach to decrease cancer incidence and promote survival. This review sheds light on the interactions between lipid reprogramming and signaling pathways in cancer. Exploring lipid metabolism as a target could provide a promising approach for creating anticancer treatments by identifying metabolic inhibitors. Additionally, we have also provided an overview of the drugs targeting lipid metabolism in cancer in this review.

Multifactorial effects of short duration early exposure low intensity magnetic field stimulation in Streptozotocin induced Alzheimer's disease rat model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an approaching, progressive public health crisis which presently lacks an effective treatment. Various non-invasive novel therapies like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation have shown potential to improve cognitive performance in AD patients. In the present study, the effect of extremely low intensity magnetic field (MF) stimulation on neurogenesis and cortical electrical activity was explored. Adult Wistar rats were divided into Sham, AD and AD + MF groups. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intracerebroventricularly, at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight for developing AD model. The AD rats were then exposed to MF (17.96 µT) from 8th day of STZ treatment until 15th day, followed by cognitive assessments and electrocortical recording. In brain tissue samples, cresyl violet staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry were done. MF exposure, improved passive avoidance and recognition memory, attenuated neuronal degeneration and enhanced cell proliferation (BrdU positive cells) in comparison to AD rats. It also significantly restores delta wave power from frontal lobe. Our results suggest that early-stage MF exposure could be an asset for AD research and open new avenues in slowing down the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

The role of RIPK1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Necroptosis has emerged as one of the crucial pathological processes involved in the regulation of cell death and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial necroptosis is closely linked to COPD pathogenesis. Necroptotic lung cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a robust inflammatory response. However, the underlying mechanism of necroptosis in COPD is still not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-mediated necroptosis in the regulation of inflammatory responses in COPD to provide insights into RIPK1-inhibitor drug discovery efforts and their therapeutic benefits in COPD.